Exam 1 - Chapter 1 Flashcards
_________-
- Recognizing faces on campus
- Hearing people in the hallway
Perception
_________-
- Not spilling my coffee
- Navigating on campus
Attention
_________-
-Adjusting for classroom tech problems
-Fitting everything into my schedule
Problem Solving
_________-
- Keeping ‘to-do’ list separate for work and home
- Classroom vs. hallway
Categories
_________-
- Remembering where I need to be/when
- Remembering that I need to refill cat food tonight
Memory
_________-
-’Seeing’ different routes to get to campus
-Locating where I left my keys
Visualization
_________-
-Appropriately responding to hallway conversation
-Communicating during this lecture
Understanding/Producing Language
_________-
-Deciding how to open door with my hands full
-Deciding what to jettison from schedule
Decision Making
_________-:
a branch of psychology concerned with the scientific study of the mind
Cognitive psychology
Cognitive psychology:
a branch of psychology concerned with the _________ study of the mind
scientific
Cognitive psychology:
a branch of psychology concerned with the scientific study of the _________
mind
-What is the Mind-
_________ : perception, attention, memory, emotions, language, decision making, thinking and reasoning
Cognition
-What is the Mind-
Cognition: perception, _________, memory, _________, language, decision making, thinking & reasoning
- attention
- emotions
-What is the Mind-
Cognition: perception, attention, memory, emotions, _________, decision making, _________ & reasoning
- language
- thinking
-What is the Mind-
_________ : how the mind operates and functions (e.g., mental representations, storing memories, achieving goals)
Cognitive processes
-What is the Mind-
Cognitive processes: how the mind operates and _________ (e.g., mental representations, storing _________, achieving goals)
- functions
- memories
We like to think about history as being linear–X led to Y which led to Z
However, this is not the case for _________ psychology
cognitive
The ‘First’ Cognitive Research Study-
_________ (1868) decides to study how long it takes to make a decision
Franciscus Donders
The ‘First’ Cognitive Research Study-
Franciscus Donders (1868) decides to study how long it takes to make a _________
decision
-Franciscus Donders - First’ Cognitive Research Study -
_________ : time it takes to respond to a stimulus
Reaction time (RT)
-Franciscus Donders - First’ Cognitive Research Study -
_________ —respond when you see light
Simple RT
-Franciscus Donders - First’ Cognitive Research Study -
_________ —press the left button when the light appears on the left of the screen and the right button when the light appears on the right
Choice RT
1000 millisecond = _________
1 second
_________- Attention, Perception, Process, Movement (motor command),
Simple RTSimple RT
Simple RT - Attention, _________, Process, _________ (motor command),
- Perception
- Movement
_________ - Decision
Choice RT
Subtracting Simple RT from Choice RT gives a _________
reaction time
Subtracting _________ RT from _________ RT gives a reaction time
- Simple
- Choice
-Donders-
Most cognitive processes cannot be _________ observed (e.g., constructs)—gave us a way to _________ cognitive behavior
- directly
- quantify
_________ -
Most cognitive processes cannot be directly observed (e.g., constructs)—gave us a way to quantify cognitive behavior
-Donders
In late 19th century, Wilhelm Wundt & Edward Titchener argued for the _________ of “psychology”
scientific study
_________ — Wundt & Titchener
Introspection
_________-
Argued that this field should be concerned with the study of conscious mental events (e.g., feelings, thoughts, memory, perception)
Wundt & Titchener
Wundt & Titchener -
Argued that this field should be concerned with the study of _________ mental events (e.g., feelings, _________, memory, perception)
- conscious
- thoughts
_________ – Father of psychology
William James
_________ – Father of experimental psychology
Wilhelm Wundt
_________-
Argued for ‘introspection’ to study these phenomena
Wundt & Titchener
_________ —looking within ourselves and explaining what we are doing
Introspection
Problems (of introspection as a method):
- Unconscious _________
- _________ of ourselves and what we do
- Post hoc explanations
- No falsifiability
- thoughts
- Misperceptions
Problems (of introspection as a method):
- Unconscious thoughts
- Misperceptions of ourselves and what we do
- _________ explanations
- No _________
- Post hoc
- falsifiability
_________ – coming up with reasons afterwards, explaining why something occurred after it occurred
Post hoc explanations
-Wundt & Titchener-
Goal of science is to make _________ (predict Irma, save lives)
predictions
_________ -
Argued that psychology needed to be more scientific
-Behaviorism
-Behaviorism
Argued that psychology needed to be more scientific
–Needed _________ , recordable _________ events
- measurable
- physical
_________ –> behavior response
Stimulus
-WHO-
_________ —transcendental method
Immanuel Kant
Immanuel Kant—transcendental method
Start with observable facts and work _________ —”what causes must have led to these _________”
- backwards
- effects
_________ -
Start with observable facts and work backwards—”what causes must have led to these effects”
Immanuel Kant—transcendental method
_________ -
Reverse-engineering approach
Immanuel Kant—transcendental method
_________ : this happened, lets try to figure out why this happened (crime shows: show the murder, then try to figure out how/why)
Kant – transcendental method
Kant – transcendental method: this happened, lets try to figure out _________ this happened (crime shows: show the murder, then try to figure out how/why)
why
Transcendental method: Cognitive psychology is different from other types of science in that psychology is made up of _________ rather than _________ things we can see.
- constructs
- physical
Problems with pure behaviorism?
- Missing a lot between the _________ & behavior
- Cannot understand _________, memories, etc.—doesn’t consider how people _________ the situation
- stimulus
- beliefs
- understand
_________ view the mind as a black box, they don’t care about _________ , feeling,
- Behaviorist
- emotions
_________ psychologist think there are more things going on the _________
- Cognitive
- mind
Cognitive Revolution-
-Starts in the _________ —slow revolution
1950’s
Cognitive Revolution-
Developed out of people’s discontent with _________ —the mind was more that a ‘_________’
- behaviorism
- black box
Cognitive Revolution-
Several important events led to this revolution:
_________ —cognitive maps in animals
IQ testing
Broadbent cockpit design
Development of digital _________—furthered information processing theory & artificial intelligence
- Edward Tolman
- computers
Cognitive Revolution-
Several important events led to this revolution:
- Edward Tolman—cognitive maps in animals
- _________ testing
- Broadbent cockpit design
- Development of digital computers—furthered _________ processing theory & artificial intelligence
- IQ
- information
Cognitive Revolution-
Several important events led to this revolution:
- Edward Tolman—cognitive maps in animals
- IQ testing
- _________ cockpit design
- Development of digital computers—furthered information processing theory & _________
- Broadbent
- artificial intelligence
Cognitive Revolution-
Digital computers started to develop –
Development of computers allowed us some framework for how the _________ might work
mind
Fields That Developed _________
Psychology:
- Philosophy
- Psychology
- Computer Science
- Neuroscience
- Anthropology
- Linguistics
Cognitive
_________ : representations of structures or processes that help to visualize or explain
Cognitive models
Cognitive models: representations of structures or processes that help to _________ or explain
visualize
-Cognitive Modeling-
_________ —how brain structures are involved in cognition
Structural models
-Cognitive Modeling-
Structural models—how brain structures are involved in _________
cognition
-Cognitive Modeling-
_________ —how cognitive processes operate
Process models
_________ - show step by step how something works
Process models