Exam 2: Lecture 18: Female Reproductive System Flashcards
What are other names for the “uterine tube”?
-Salpinx
-Oviduct
-Falopian’s Tube
What are the parts of the uterus?
-Horns
-Body
-Neck (or cervix)
What are the broad ligaments of the uterus?
-Mesovarium
-Mesosalpinx
-Mesometrium
-Suspensory ligament
-Proper ligament
What does the mesosalpinx do?
-Holds uterine tube
What does the mesometrium do?
-Holds from horns to body
What does the suspensory ligament do?
-“Hangs” ovary to abdomen
What does the proper ligament do?
-Joins caudal pole of ovary to uterine horn
What is the perimetrium?
-Serosa/outer layer of tissue
-Communicates with broad ligament of the uterus
Where are the ovaries in the horse?
-Caudal to caudal pole of kidneys, at level of 5th lumbar vertebrae
-Cranioventral to iliac wings
Where is the ovary of the uterus in horses?
-Horns lie within abdominal cavity & body lies partly abdomen and partly pelvic cavity
Where is the vagina in the horse?
-Lies within the pelvic cavity ventral to the rectum & dorsally to the urinary bladder & urethra
Where is the vestibule in horses?
-Ventral to rectum & anal canal, ventral wall goes beyond ischial arch
Where is the vulva in horses?
-Ventral to anus, ventral commissure is ventral to the ischial arch
-Vulva is outside body
What 2 main features differentiate mare ovaries from other species?
-Mare ovaries are very large (and bean shaped)
-Ovulation fossa
What is the ovulation fossa?
-Part of the ovary that the fossa opens up to
How wide can an inactive mare ovary be?
-Between 4-5 cm
How wide can an active mare ovary be?
-Can be up to 10cm
What is different in the uterine tube in mares?
-Union between uterine tube and the uterus is abrupt
What are the 3 main structures of the uterine tube?
-Infundibulum
-Ampulla
-Isthmus
What part of the uterine tube is closest to the ovary and why is this significant?
-Infundibulum
-Fimbriae of infundibulum takes ova from inside the ovary into the tube
What part of the uterine tube is after the infundibulum?
-Ampulla of the uterine horn
What part of the uterine tube joins with the horn?
-Isthmus of uterine tube
What part of the uterine tube is the widest?
-Ampulla (middle part)
What part of the uterine tube is the longest?
-Isthmus
What is lacking in a mare uterus that is in a dog uterus?
-Intercornual ligament
What are the horns of the uterus?
-Divergent, raised dorsally over intestines, bunt end
What is the body of the uterus?
-Large, normally obliterated by the intestines and bladder
What is the cervix (neck) of the uterus?
-Firm consistency, easily palpable transrectally, cervical canal w/ internal & external cervical osmium
-Projects into the vagina & is surrounded by an annular space (fornix)
What structure is indicated by the number 1?
-Uterine horns
What structure is indicated by the number 2?
-Body of uterus
What structure is indicated by number 3?
-Cervix (neck)
What is indicated by the pink circle?
-Cervical canal
What is indicated by the blue star?
-Fornix
What is the fornix of the uterus?
-Projection around cervix into vagina
-Good landmark to clinical things like insemination
What is indicated by the red star?
-Body of uterus
What is indicated by number 6?
-External ostium
What is indicated by number 4?
-Cervical canal
What is indicated by number 5?
-Internal ostium
What are the boundaries of the vagina?
-Cranial boundary: vaginal projection of cervix & fornix
-Caudal boundary: hymenal fold & external urethral orifice
What is important about the inside of the vagina?
-Longitudinal folds of mucosa inside vagina
-Vaginal mucosa is ridged lenthwise
Where does the vestibule of the vagina extend from?
-Extends from external urethral orifice to the vulva caudally
What functions does the vaginal vestibule have?
-Reproductive & urinary functions
What is in the lateral walls of the vagina vestibule?
-Vestibular glands
The vaginal vestibule has ________ as erectile tissue & constrictor vestibular muscles
-Vestibular bulbs
Where do the constrictor vestibular muscles and constrictor vulva muscles come from?
-External anal sphincter
What makes urine able to touch the vaginal vestibule?
-External urethral orifice
What is the shape of the vulva dorsally and ventrally?
-Dorsal commissure is pointy
-Ventral commissure is rounded
Where is the clitoris?
-Associated w/ the ventral commissure, lies inside the fossa of the clitoris & is covered by a fold called prepuce of clitoris
What is vulva “winking”?
-Clitoris becomes prominent during oestrus & with “winking” movements of the labia, exposing the clitoris
What is shown in this image?
“Wind-sucking” of vulva
What species is “wind-sucking” of vulva common in & why?
-Thoroughbreds b/c lean so not a lot of extra fat cover to put in the ischiorectal fossas
What happens with “wind-sucking”?
-Opening of vulva is more dorsal & closure is less effective
-Air may be drawn into or expelled from the tract w/ each change in intra-abdominal pressure
-Possibility of bacterial contamination, which may result in sterility if reach the endometrium
How can “wind-sucking” be fixed?
-Caslick technique
