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Exam block 3 > Exam 2: Lecture 15: Accessory Digestive Organs, Topography, & Blood Supply > Flashcards

Exam 2: Lecture 15: Accessory Digestive Organs, Topography, & Blood Supply Flashcards

1
Q

What is lacking in equine species?

A

-A gallbladder

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2
Q

Where is the liver in horses, specifically?

A

-Primarily to the right of the median plane
-Right side = 6th-15th rib
-Left side = 6th-11th rib

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3
Q

What are the landmarks for a liver biopsy?

A

-Line from tuber coaxe -> point of shoulder; line from tuber coxae -> tuber olecrani

-Between 12th & 14th ICS at level between lines of above landmarks

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4
Q

Where is the stomach & specific parts located in the horse?

A

-Left side, dorsal; never touches abdominal floor

-Cardia = 11th rib (upper)
-Fundus = 15th rib (upper)
-Body, lowest part = 9th-10th rib (middle)

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5
Q

Where is the spleen located in horses, specifically?

A

-Left side, immediately caudal to stomach
-Base: last 3-4 ribs (upper); extent of apex can vary, generally to 10th or 9th rib

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6
Q

Where are the kidneys located in horses, specifically?

A

-Right = Ribs 16-18 (upper), caudal pole is cranial to transverse process of L1
-Left = Rib 18 (upper) & Transverse Processes of L1-L3

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7
Q

What is the cranial extent of the abdominal cavity?

A

-Diaphragm

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8
Q

What is the caudal extent of the thoracic cavity?

A

-Line of pleural reflection

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9
Q

Where is the basal border of the lungs?

A

-Ribs 6 (CC jxn.), 11 (middle), 16 (upper)

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10
Q

What is different about the liver in a horse than the dog?

A

-Horses livers do NOT extend to the abdominal floor, dogs do

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11
Q

What is shown by the yellow arrow?

A

-Epiploic Foramen

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12
Q

What is the epiploic foramen?

A

-Opening into the omental bursa

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13
Q

What is the epiploic foramen bounded by?

A

-Caudal vena cava & caudate lobe of liver dorsally
-Hepatic portal vein & pancreas ventrally

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14
Q

What can happen at the epiploic foramen?

A

-Small intestine can become entrapped here
-Usually, ileum is involved, either alone or in combination w/ jejunum

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15
Q

What is indicated by the blue star?

A

-Left lobe of the liver

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16
Q

What is indicated by the blue star?

A

-Right lobe of the liver

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17
Q

What is indicated by the blue star?

A

-Quadrate lobe of the liver

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18
Q

What is indicated by the blue star?

A

-Right lobe of the liver

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19
Q

What is indicated by the blue star?

A

-Caudate process of caudate lobe of the liver

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20
Q

What is indicated by the blue star?

A

-Quadrate lobe of the liver

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21
Q

What is indicated by the blue star?

A

-Left lobe of the liver

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22
Q

What is indicated by the blue star?

A

-Right kidney

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23
Q

What is indicated by the blue star?

A

-Descending duodenum

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24
Q

What is indicated by the blue star?

A

-Right lobe of the liver

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25
Q

What is indicated by the blue star?

A

-Quadrate lobe of the liver

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26
Q

What is indicated by the blue star?

A

-Right lobe of the liver (reflected)

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27
Q

What is indicated by the blue star?

A

-Right kidney

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28
Q

What is indicated by the blue star?

A

-Caudate process of the caudate lobe of the liver

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29
Q

What is indicated by the blue star?

A

-Mesoduodenum

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30
Q

What is indicated by the blue star?

A

-Descending duodenum

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31
Q

What are the boundaries of the epiploic foramen?

A

-Portal vein
-Caudate lobe of liver
-Pancreas

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32
Q

Where does the pancreas lie in the horse?

A

-Lies largely to the right of the median plane
-Pressed against the dorsal wall of the abdomen

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33
Q

The body of the pancreas extends into the

A

-Cranial duodenal flexure

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34
Q

The right lobe of the pancreas contacts the

A

-Descending duodenum

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35
Q

The left lobe of the pancreas extends

A

-Towards the left kidney, contacts spleen, and fungus of stomach

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36
Q

The pancreas forms a ring (annulus) around the

A

-Hepatic portal vein

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37
Q

Where are the ventral and dorsal surfaces of the pancreas bound to?

A

-Ventral surface is directly bound to the right dorsal colon & cecal base
-Dorsal surface to the right kidney and liver

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38
Q

The bulk of the liver is located

A

-To the right to the median plane

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39
Q

What rib border does the liver typically sit in?

A

-6th-16th rib

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40
Q

What can be used to locate the 4th rib (or 4th intercostal space)?

A

-The point of the elbow

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41
Q

What can be used to determine the location of the 6th rib/ICS?

A

-The caudal Ege of the triceps brachii m. (ventral half)

42
Q

Where is a liver biopsy performed in the horse?

A

-On the right side of the horse
-Between 12th and 14th ICS

-Common site: 14th intercostal space near line from tuber coax to point of the shoulder

43
Q

What are the structures the needle passes through for a liver biopsy?

A

-Skin
-Intercostal muscles
-Costal pleura
-Pleural cavity
-Diaphragmatic pleura
-Diaphragm
-Peritoneal cavity
-Liver

44
Q

What organs can be inadvertently biopsied when trying to perform a liver biopsy?

A

-Lung
-Kidney
-Intestine

45
Q

What needs to happen if the liver biopsy contains intestinal contents?

A

-Biopsy must be repeated

46
Q

Where is the liver located on the left side of the horse?

A

-6th-10th ICS/11th rib
-Cranial border conforms to diaphragm
-Caudodorsal border is in contact with the stomach

47
Q

What is number 3?

48
Q

What is number 2?

49
Q

What is number 4?

50
Q

Where is the spleen located in the horse?

A

-Under cover of the ribs, but caudal most corner may extend to flank
-Parietal surface lies against internal aspect of diaphragm
-Base is under last 3-4 ribs

51
Q

What Is the shape of a horse spleen?

A

-Sickle-shaped

52
Q

When the spleen is pointed ventral, the apex generally reaches _______ rib, handbreadth above costal arches

A

10th round 9th rib

53
Q

Where is the gastrosplenic ligament?

A

-Extends from greater curvature of stomach to spleen

54
Q

What is number 1?

A

-Renal surface

55
Q

What is number 2?

A

-Intestinal surface

56
Q

What is number 3?

A

-Gastric surface

57
Q

What is number 4?

A

-Greater momentum (gastrosplenic ligament)

58
Q

What is number 5?

A

-Splenic artery and vein

59
Q

What is number 6?

A

-Renosplenic ligament

60
Q

What is number 7?

A

-Phrenicosplenic ligament

61
Q

What is indicated by the star?

A

-Nephrosplenic (aka renosplenic) ligament extends from left kidney to spleen

62
Q

Why is knowing where the nephrosplenic ligament is important?

A

-You can have nephrosplenic entrapment (left portion of the large colon is entrapped over the renosplenic ligament and the spleen is engorged with blood)

63
Q

What does the celiac artery supply?

A

-Cranial abdominal organs

64
Q

What does the cranial mesenteric artery supply?

A

-Distal portion of the descending duodenum through proximal part of descending colon

65
Q

What does the caudal mesenteric artery supply?

A

-Distal (aboral) part of descending colon & proximal (oral) part of rectum

66
Q

What are the branches off the celiac artery?

A

-Left gastric a.
-Hepatic a.
-Splenic a.

67
Q

What does the left gastric a. supply?

A

-Lesser curvature of the stomach & distal esophagus

68
Q

What does the hepatic a. supply?

A

-Liver, stomach, duodenum, pancreas

69
Q

What arteries come off the hepatic a. and what do they supply?

A

-Right gastric a. (lesser curvature of the stomach)
-Gastroduodenal a.
-Cranial pancreaticoduodenal a. (duodenum & pancreas)
-Right gastroepiploic a. (greater curvature of stomach)

70
Q

What does the splenic a. supply?

A

-Spleen
-Stomach

71
Q

What arteries come off the splenic a. and what do they supply?

A

-Left gastroepiploic a. (greater curvature of stomach)

72
Q

What is 1?

A

-Celiac a.

73
Q

What is A?

74
Q

What is B?

75
Q

What is C?

76
Q

What is D?

A

-Descending duodenum

77
Q

What is 2?

A

-Splenic a.

78
Q

What is 3?

A

-Left gastric a.

79
Q

What is 4?

A

-Hepatic a.

80
Q

What Is 5?

A

-Left gastroepiploic a.

81
Q

What is 6?

A

-Right gastroepiploic a.

82
Q

What is 7?

A

-Right gastric a.

83
Q

What is 8?

A

-Gastroduodenal a.

84
Q

What is 9?

A

-Cranial pancreaticoduodenal a.

85
Q

What are the arteries off the cranial mesenteric a?

A

-Caudal pancreaticoduodenal a.
-Jejunal aa.
-Ileal a.
-Middle colic a.
-Right colic a.
-Ileocolic a.

86
Q

What arteries supply the small intestine?

A

-Caudal pancreaticoduodenal a.
-Jejunal aa.
-Ileal a.

87
Q

What arteries arise from common trunk and supply the colon?

A

-Middle colic a.
-Right colic a.

88
Q

What arteries come off the caudal mesenteric artery?

A

-Left colic a.
-Cranial rectal a.

89
Q

What is indicated by the blue star?

A

-Middle colic a.

90
Q

What is indicated by the blue star?

A

-Right colic a.

91
Q

What is indicated by the blue star?

A

-Ileocolic a.

92
Q

What is indicated by the blue star?

A

-Colic branch of iliocolic a.

93
Q

Right colic & middle colic arteries usually come form

A

-A common trunk & not in common with ileocolic a.

94
Q

What is indicated by the blue star?

A

-Right colic a.

95
Q

What is indicated by the blue star?

A

-Colic branch of ileocolic a.

96
Q

What is indicated by the blue star?

A

-Lateral & medial cecal arteries

97
Q

What is indicated by the blue star?

A

-Ileocolic a.

98
Q

What is indicated by the blue star?

A

-Middle colic a.

99
Q

What is indicated by the blue star?

A

-Common trunk

100
Q

Where is the cranial mesenteric a.?

A

-In the root of the mesentery

101
Q

What anatomic structure is used as a reference point in rectal palpation?

A

-The root of the mesentery at the level of the first lumbar vertebra

102
Q

Why is the root of the mesentery used as a reference point for rectal palpation?

A

-Structures cranial to the root of the mesentery are out of reach
-Structures caudal to the root of the mesentery are within reach

Exam block 3 (35 decks)

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