Exam 1: Lecture 4: The Appalachian Environment and One Health Flashcards
What is considered the “sociosphere” of the One health model
Culture
economics
religion
politics
social aspects
etc.
_______ culture is frequently used as a nebulous explanatory varibale of the regions health status
Appalachia
It is difficult to conceive of an accurate defintion of an “Appalachain Culture” for some 25 million peple living in ______ states from a multitide of background and life expierences
13
How is kentuckys health compared to the US average health
worse
How is Appalachia’s average health compared to Kentucky’s average health
worse
Appalachian kentucky is one of the (Healthy / unhealthy) regions in the nation. Ranking poorly on numerous health measures. Some experts worry whats happening there could be a foreshadow for what is in store for the USA as a whole if distrubting trends such as rising obestiy
Unhealthy
How many people die per 100,000 people for the USA as a whole
236
What percent of deaths per 100,000 people in Kentucky as a whole
47% higher than national averge which is 236 people/100000 people
How would you describe Appalachian regions HEALTH to Kentucky compared to the USA as a whole
nearly double
Does the USA, Kentucky or Applachian Kentucky have higher number of diabetes cases
Appalachian, then KY then USA
Does the USA, Kentucky or Applachian Kentucky have higher number of obesity cases
Appalachian, then KY then USA
Does the USA, Kentucky or Applachian Kentucky have higher number of Smoking cases
Appalachian, then KY then USA
Lung cancer is far higher rate in Appalachian Kentucky than the USA overall, largely due to what factor
Highest in the nation smoking rate
- USA: 47/ 100,000 people
- KY: 83% higher than USA
- APK: Even higher
What are the 4 leading causes of death
Heart disease
Cancer
Cerebrovascular
Chronic Lower respiratory
What are the top 4 contributing causes of death?
Tobacco
Poor diet / inactivity
Alochol
- Motor vehicle accidents
Microbial agents
Extenive epidemologist research determined what specific behaviors that are MAJOR contributors to Appalachians health disparities
Smoking
Sedentary lifestyle
diet
HOWEVER, these bahviors are NOT unquie to appalachia
T/F: Appalachian region as a whole contains a shortage of medical professionals when compared to the rest of the country
FALSE
- they do not contain
T/F: Appalachia suffers from an uneven distribution of health care resouces with those resources concentrated in the more prosperous and populated appalachain counties
true
T/F: The major concern is that persons with Kidney disease are often unaware that they have the disease, resulting in many undiagnosed cases
true
What is considered the nations most obese regions as well as having higher rates of food insecurity
Appalachian regions
How would you define Trauma Medicine availablilty in Appalachian medicine
Appalachian faces unusual challenges related to occupations and recreational activities that exposes residents to high risk of injury, particularly coal mining, logging, and all terrain vehicle use
However, trauma care in Appalachia is unevenly distributed and generally underdeveloped, unorganized, fragmented, understaffed, and underfunded
How does psychological distress, depression and suicide compare to the rest of the nation….. and why?
Higher rates than the rest of the nation
- Due in part to the prevelance of social, economic, and ecological stressors
- Appalachians with mental health problems may not be receiving adequate outpatient treatment or timely access to inpatient services, resulting in increased use of emergency services
Out of 95 counties in TN, where does Claiborne county sit at regarding length of life?
89/95
Out of the 95 counties in TN, where does Claiborne county sit at regarding Quality of life?
90/95
_____% of the US farmland is located in Appalachain counties
4%
______ % of the US farms are loacted in Appalachian counties
12%
Small farms dominate Appalachia with over ______% with 100 acres or less than and _______% with less than 50 acreas
- compared to the US average of 343 acreas
95%
60%
Who has more cattle on averge and what are those averages
Appalachia: 65%
US Herd: 39%
Cattle and pigs dominate. Together they make up what percent of Appalachian large animals
91%
65% cattle
26% swine
How is most of Appalachian Beef Produced?
Cow-calf operations
What percent of veternarians in TN are over the age of 60?
18%
of those, 48% are located within the ARC counties
What Direct enviornmental componet can effect livestock?
Copper deficiency
Selenium deficiency
Margial to severe _______ deficiency in cattle is widespread across the United States, especially in the Appalachian mountain and costal plain regions
Copper
What is this caused by?
Copper Deficiency
Black animals develop a reddish or gray tint to the hair and red animals become more bleached
What is one of the most visible signs of copper deficiency in cattle?
Change in hair color
The coat becomes dull instead of shiny
What is this caused by?
Selenium deficiency
What causes this problem?
Selenium disease
In calves, what is a sure sign of selenium deficiency?
White muscle disease
lesions occur in skeletal and/or heart muscles
Animals with affected with upper fore and hind limbs, and affected animals walk with stiff-legged gait or unable to stand is seen in what deficiency
selenium
Is acute lead poisoning more common in older or younger calves
younger
What is the predominant clinical sign in Lead posining in cattle
Signs associted with GI and nervous systems
In cattle, what can cause ataxia, blindness, salivation, spastic, twitching of eyelids, jaw chomping, bruxism, muscle tremores and convuslions in 24-48 hours upon exposure?
Lead Poisoning in cattle
What species is lead poisoning most commin in?
dogs
cattle
In cattle, many lead posinoning effects are contributed to what enviornmntal problems?
Farming activites when used oil and batter disposal from machinery that is handled imporoperly
__________ prevelance and concetration in beed cattle paddocks, soils and forage
Cryptosporidium oocytes
______% of dogs infected with one or more intestnial nematodes
33%
what causes this issue?
Ocular larval migrans in Humans
CDC study around 14% US is seropositive for toxocara canis
Domestic species accounted for _____% of all rabid animals reported in the United States in 2013; a ____% decrease compared in 2012
8%
10%
What percent of rabies issues are seen in cats?
53%
What percent of rabies issues are seen in dogs?
19%
What percent of rabies issues are seen in cattle?
18%
What species have represented the majority of rabid domestic animals since 1992 with the state of Pennsylvania having reported the largest number of rabid _____(40), followed by Virginia(37)
Cats
cats also go in the FITB
In 2013, there were _____ rabid dogs reported representing a 6% increase compared with 2012 reports
89 rabid dogs
