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Exam block 3 > Exam 2: Lecture 14: Abdominal Gastrointestinal System > Flashcards

Exam 2: Lecture 14: Abdominal Gastrointestinal System Flashcards

1
Q

What structures come from the dorsal mesentery?

A

-Greater omentum
-Mesoduodenum
-Mesenterium
-Mesocolon
-Mesorectum

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2
Q

What structures are the remnants of the ventral mesentery?

A

-Lesser omentum
-Liver ligaments
-Falciform ligament

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3
Q

The small and large intestines develop from

A

-The same spot

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4
Q

What is the foregut in horses?

A

-Esophagus
-Stomach
-Liver
-Pancreas

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5
Q

What is the midgut in horses?

A

-Distal part of duodenum
-Jejunum
-Ileum
-Cecum
-2/3 colon

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6
Q

What is the hindgut in horses?

A

-1/3 colon
-Rectum

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7
Q

Where does most of the fermentation occur in horses?

A

-Cecum

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8
Q

Horses are ____ fermentors, but more correctly _______

A

Hindgut fermentors, more correctly post-gastric fermenters

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9
Q

What is understood by “intrathoracic abdominal organs”?

A

-Visceral organ projection into the thorax (still inside the abdomen but project into thorax)

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10
Q

What are the parts of the small intestine?

A

-Duodenum
-Jejunum
-Ileum

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11
Q

What are the parts of the large intestine?

A

-Cecum
-Colon
-Rectum
-Anus

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12
Q

The small intestine is also known as

A

-Intestinum tenue

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13
Q

The large intestine is also known as

A

-Intestinum crassum

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14
Q

What are known as the “accessory organs”?

A

-Liver
-Pancreas
-Spleen

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15
Q

What is one reason horses can’t vomit?

A

-They have a very strong cardias muscle

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16
Q

What part of the stomach is indicated by the blue star?

A

-Lesser curvature (and lesser omentum)

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17
Q

What part of the stomach is indicated by the blue star?

A

-Saccus caecus ventriculi

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18
Q

What is the saccus caecus ventriculi?

A

-Blind sac in the fundus of the stomach that you can see from the outside

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19
Q

What part of the stomach is indicated by the blue star?

A

-Greater curvature (and greater omentum)

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20
Q

What part of the stomach is indicated by the blue star?

A

-Pylorus

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21
Q

What part of the stomach is indicated by the blue star?

A

-Cardias

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22
Q

What is the pylorus of the stomach?

A

-Sphincter
-Gives us passage from the stomach to the duodenum

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23
Q

What part of the stomach is made up of hepatogastric & hepatoduodenal ligaments?

A

-Lesser omentum

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24
Q

Where is the stomach located in horses?

A

-In the left side of the abdomen completely covered by ribs

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25
Q

What is important to note about the non-glandular part of the stomach?

A

-There is no physiologic protection, so if stomach acid gets up here we will develop stomach ulcers

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26
Q

The ____ always opens to the non-glandular part of the stomach

A

-Cardias

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27
Q

What is the margo plicatus?

A

-Small fold, well marked that separates the non-glandular and glandular parts of the stomach

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28
Q

What makes up the glandular part of the stomach?

A

-Cardiac glands
-Fundic glands
-Pyloric glands

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29
Q

What part of the stomach is the pylorus located in?

A

-In the glandular part

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30
Q

What structure of the stomach is indicated by the blue star?

A

-Pylorus

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31
Q

What structure of the stomach is indicated by the blue star?

A

-Cardias

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32
Q

What structure of the stomach is indicated by the blue star?

A

-Non-glandular part

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33
Q

What structure of the stomach is indicated by the blue star?

A

-Margo plicatus

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34
Q

What structure of the stomach is indicated by the blue star?

A

-Cardiac glands

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35
Q

What structure of the stomach is indicated by the blue star?

A

-Fundic glands

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36
Q

What structure of the stomach is indicated by the blue star?

A

-Pyloric glands

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37
Q

What structure is indicated by the red star?

A

-Fundus

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38
Q

What structure is indicated by the red star?

A

-Cardiac sphincter

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39
Q

What structure is indicated by the red star?

A

-Esophagus

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40
Q

What structure is indicated by the red star?

A

-Major duodenal papilla

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41
Q

What structure is indicated by the red star?

A

-Duodenum

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42
Q

What structure is indicated by the red star?

A

-Minor duodenal papilla

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43
Q

What structure is indicated by the red star?

A

-Pyloric sphincter

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44
Q

What structure is indicated by the red star?

A

-Margo plicatus

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45
Q

Where does the small intestine develop?

A

-Root of the mesentery (which is located between the cranial mesenteric a. and the dorsal mesentery)

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46
Q

How long is an equine duodenum?

A

-Approximately 3 feet long

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47
Q

What intestinal structure is indicated by the light blue arrows?

A

-Duodenum

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48
Q

What structure is indicated by the dark blue arrow?

A

-Cranial portion of the duodenum

49
Q

What structure is indicated by the dark blue arrow?

A

-Cranial duodenal flexure

50
Q

What structure is indicated by the dark blue arrow?

A

-Descending portion of the duodenum

51
Q

What structure is indicated by the dark blue arrow?

A

-Caudal duodenal flexure

52
Q

What structure is indicated by the dark blue arrow?

A

-Ascending portion of the duodenum

53
Q

What structure is indicated by the blue star?

A

-Cranial part of the duodenum

54
Q

What structure is indicated by the blue star?

A

-Cranial flexure of duodenum

55
Q

What structure is indicated by the blue star?

A

-Descending duodenum

56
Q

What structure is indicated by the blue star?

A

-Caudal duodenal flexure

57
Q

What structure is indicated by the blue star?

A

-Ascending duodenum

58
Q

What structure is indicated by the blue star?

A

-Duodenal jejunal flexure

59
Q

Where is the descending duodenum located in the horse?

A

-The right side (under the liver)

60
Q

Where is the jejunum located in the horse?

A

-Dorsal left part of abdomen
-Attached to the roof of abdomen by mesojejunum

61
Q

The ____ communicates medially with the base of the cecum b/c of ____ orifice

A

ileum, ileocecal orifice

62
Q

What is notable about the mesoileum?

A

-Very wide, but not long
-Compact

63
Q

What is the difference between the dog and horse ileum?

A

-Horse ileum communicates directly with the cecum medially
-In dogs, ileum communicates w/ the colon

64
Q

How long are the jejeunum and ileum?

A

-Approximately 69 feet long (21 mt.)

65
Q

What is indicated by the blue star?

A

-Jejunum (long but compact)

66
Q

What is indicated by the blue star?

A

-Ascending duodenum

67
Q

What is indicated by the blue star?

68
Q

What is indicated by the blue star?

A

-Mesojejunum

69
Q

The ____ is located in the dorsal left part of the abdomen, located in the free part of the abdomen

70
Q

What is indicated by the blue star?

71
Q

What is indicated by the blue star?

A

-Ileocecal fold

72
Q

What does the ileocecal fold do?

A

-Joins the ileum w/ the cecum

73
Q

What is indicated by the blue star?

A

-Ileal papilla (projection inside cecum)

74
Q

What is indicated by the blue star?

A

-Ceco-colic orifice

75
Q

The _____ & _____ occupy the largest parts of the abdomen

A

-Ascending colon & cecum

76
Q

The cecum is approximately _____ feet long and has a capacity of over ______

A

3 ft long, capacity of over 30L (8 gal)

77
Q

The base of the cecum is oriented

A

-To the dorsal right side of midline

78
Q

The body of the cecum is oriented

A

-In the right ventral abdomen

79
Q

The apex of the cecum is oriented

A

-Central and ventral in the midline between the left and right ventral colon

80
Q

What part of the cecum is important for movement?

A

-Taenias (formed by longitudinal smooth muscles)

81
Q

What are haustras (related w/ cecum)

A

-Sacculations

82
Q

Where are the semilunar folds of the cecum?

A

-Between taenias

83
Q

Where is the base of the cecum located?

A

-Dorsal right side of abdomen (very big)
-Most cranial part is hidden by the last ribs, most caudal part can be auscultated

84
Q

Where is the body of the cecum located?

A

-Mainly in the ventral right part of the abdomen

85
Q

Where is the apex of the cecum located?

A

-Shifts a little bit to the midline (very pointy)

86
Q

What is indicated by the number 8?

A

-Base of cecum

87
Q

What is indicated by number 9?

A

-Body of cecum

88
Q

What is indicated by number 10?

A

-Apex of cecum

89
Q

What is indicated by the blue star?

A

-Semilunar grooves

90
Q

What is indicated by the blue star?

A

-Taenias (white bands)

91
Q

What is indicated by the blue star?

92
Q

What is important about the taenias of the cecum?

A

-White bands that can be palpated transrectally

93
Q

What is known as the “large colon”?

A

-Ascending colon

94
Q

What is known as the “small colon”?

A

-Descending colon

95
Q

The large colon (ascending colon) is divided into ___ main parts and ___ flexures

A

4 main parts & 3 flexures

96
Q

What is the order of the ascending colon (large colon) parts & flexures?

A

-Right ventral -> sternal flexure -> left ventral -> pelvic flexure -> left dorsal -> diaphragmatic flexure -> right dorsal

97
Q

What part of the large colon is the smallest, and what is the biggest?

A

-Smallest = left dorsal
-Biggest = right dorsal

98
Q

Where is the right ventral colon part of the large colon located?

A

-Right ventral part of abdomen, goes cranially & will hit sternum

99
Q

What happens at the diaphragmatic flexure of the large colon?

A

-Colon will shift from left to right

100
Q

What happens at the sternal flexure of the large colon?

A

-Colon will shift from right to left (b/c hits sternum)

101
Q

Where is the ventral left colon part of the large colon?

A

-Ventral left abdomen
-Will advance caudally into the pelvic cavity

102
Q

What happens at the pelvic flexure of the large colon?

A

-Colon will fold here when it get to the pelvic cavity

103
Q

What is indicated by the blue star?

A

-Dorsal left colon

104
Q

What is indicated by the blue star?

A

-Pelvic flexure (left side)

105
Q

What is indicated by the blue star?

A

-Ventral left colon

106
Q

What is indicated by the blue star?

107
Q

What is indicated by the blue star?

A

-Ventral right colon part of large colon

108
Q

What is indicated by the blue star?

A

-Dorsal right colon part of large colon (normally hidden by the ribs)

109
Q

Where is the descending colon (small colon)?

A

-Dorsal left part of the abdomen (same as jejunum)

110
Q

What is indicated by the blue star?

A

-Descending colon (small colon)

111
Q

What is indicated by the blue star?

A

-Dorsal left colon (part of ascending or large colon)

112
Q

What is indicated by the blue star?

A

-Ventral left colon (part of ascending or large colon)

113
Q

What intestinal organ is indicated by the blue arrow?

114
Q

What can be heard in the right dorsal quadrant?

A

-Base of cecum (gentle mixing sounds interspersed ~every 2 min. by a sound like toilet flushing)

115
Q

What is in the right ventral quadrant that can be auscultated?

A

-Body of cecum
-Right ventral colon (part of ascending or large colon)

116
Q

What is in the left dorsal quadrant that can be auscultated?

A

-Jejunum (small intestine)
-Smaller descending colon

117
Q

What is in the left ventral quadrant that can be auscultated?

A

-Dorsal left colon (part of ascending or large colon)

-Ventral left colon (part of ascending or large colon)

118
Q

What is the technical term for a gut sound (singular and plural)?

A

-Borborygmus
-Plural = borborygmi

Exam block 3 (35 decks)

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