[Exam 2] Chapter 30 - Aneurysms

Question 1

Aneurysms: What is this?

Answer 1

Weakpoint in the vessel well that can be classified based on shape. That can rupture and cause hemorrhage.

Question 2

Aneurysms: Outer layer name?

Answer 2

Adventitia

Question 3

Aneurysms: Middle layer name?

Answer 3

Media

Question 4

Aneurysms: Inner layer name?

Answer 4

Intima

Question 5

Aneurysms: What is saccular?

Answer 5

When there is a single out pouch in the vessel wall

Question 6

Aneurysms: What is Fusiform?

Answer 6

When the entire vessel wall is dilated.

Question 7

Thoracic Aneurysm: 85% of this is caused by what>

Answer 7

Atherosclerosis

Question 8

Thoracic Aneurysm: What is the most common site for dissection?

Answer 8

The thoracic area

Question 9

Thoracic Aneurysm: What usually causes this?

Answer 9

Hypertension can lead to this.

Question 10

Thoracic Aneurysm: Most prominent sign of this?

Answer 10

Pain, followed by dyspnea (followed by breathing) and will pressure on trachea.

Question 11

Thoracic Aneurysm: How is this diagnosed?

Answer 11

Chest X-Ray, TEE (Trans Esophageal Echocardiogram),, CT Scan

Question 12

Thoracic Aneurysm: How will the TEE be performed?

Answer 12

Patient will swallow probe and it will sit and monitor heart.

Question 13

Thoracic Aneurysm: What determines how this is managed?/

Answer 13

Depending on whether patient is symptomatic or not

Question 14

Thoracic Aneurysm: What medications may they be placed on?

Answer 14

Beta blockers to decrease patients blood pressure.

Question 15

Thoracic Aneurysm: Endographs can be done, how?

Answer 15

They will go in and put a graft in the aorta and it will stabilize the aneurysm and the vessel walls.

Question 16

Abdominal Aortic Aneurysm: What is one of the most common causes of this?

Answer 16

Atherosclerosis a long with hypertension being a silent killer.

Question 17

Abdominal Aortic Aneurysm: If someone has untreated hypertension for multiple years, what will it cause?

Answer 17

Abdominal aortic aneurysm

Question 18

Abdominal Aortic Aneurysm: What can usually be felt?

Answer 18

A mass in the abdomen that can be felt or pulsatile mass that can be seen when patient laying flat.

Question 19

Abdominal Aortic Aneurysm: What are some clinical manifestations of this?

Answer 19

Abdominal pain, lower abdominal pain that radiates from groin to back.

Question 20

Abdominal Aortic Aneurysm: How is this diagnosed?

Answer 20

CT, CTA. Will look at abdomen and monitor the size. Once larger than 6 cm, it means its likely to rupture.

Question 21

Abdominal Aortic Aneurysm: why do these patients have frequent imaging done?

Answer 21

To ensure that aneurysm is not larger than 6 cm

Question 22

Abdominal Aortic Aneurysm Med Mx: Best way to treat this?

Answer 22

To control hypertension because this will weaken the vessel wall even more.

Question 23

Abdominal Aortic Aneurysm Med Mx: What is done when larger than 6 cm?

Answer 23

Will go in and do surgery when at 5 cm to treat it. Will perform endograft.

Question 24

Abdominal Aortic Aneurysm Med Mx: How is an endograft performed?

Answer 24

Will deploy this long stent/graft and will stabilize the abdominal aorta.

Question 25

ABdominal Aortic Aneurysm Surg Mx: How else can this be fixed?

Answer 25

Patient cna be opened from xiphoid process to zygote process from an open procedure. Is a difficult recovery however.

Question 26

Abdominal Aortic Aneurysm: What would happen if this ruptured?

Answer 26

Very poor outcome for patients. Need education on making sure they keep up with diagnostics and are monitoring it accurately and not spreading.

Question 27

Abdominal Aortic Aneurysm: How will patient appear if this ruptures?

Answer 27

Will be extremely unstable, and may lead to a long road to recovery. Will likely code.

Question 28

Abdominal Aortic Aneurysm: What kind of pain will patient complain of?

Answer 28

Abdominal pain, lower back pain and is radiating, is very concerning and aneurysm is probably going expansion.