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NRSG 200: Med Surg 3 > [Exam 1/Final] Chapters 57,58,59: Reproductive Cancers > Flashcards

[Exam 1/Final] Chapters 57,58,59: Reproductive Cancers Flashcards

1
Q

What reproductive cancers can women have?

A

Ovarian , cervical, uterine, vaginal, vulvar.

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2
Q

Ovarian Cancer: Large cause of what?

A

Death in women

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3
Q

Ovarian Cancer: Difficult to detect why?

A

Doesn’t show symptoms until later on

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4
Q

Ovarian Cancer: Signs of this?

A

Increased abdominal birth, back pain, bloating,

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5
Q

Ovarian Cancer: What is the biggest thing you can do fro this?

A

Prevention. Early screening.

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6
Q

Tx of Reproductive Malignancies: How will this be treated?

A

Surgery, chemotherapy, radiation, or combination of these

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7
Q

Tx of Reproductive Malignancies: Treatment may be geared toward what?

A

Curative or palliative

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8
Q

Tx of Reproductive Malignancies: Care of this patient is similar to care of what type of patient?

A

Patients with other abdominal surgeries

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9
Q

Tx of Reproductive Malignancies: What sort of things will you monitor the patient for after surgery?

A

Splinting, bleeding, hemorrhaging, and monitoring for infection

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10
Q

What is Tandem and Ovioids?

A

Used for internal radiation therapy for ovarian cancer. Catheter in place and kept off of vaginal wall.

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11
Q

Nursing Considerations Related to Intracavity Radiation: What will they have inserted?

A

Foley Catheter.

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12
Q

Nursing Considerations Related to Intracavity Radiation: What will they need to make sure they do?

A

Get a lot of best rest. Positioning restrictions.

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13
Q

Nursing Considerations Related to Intracavity Radiation: Diet will consist of what?

A

Low residue diet.

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14
Q

Safety for Intracavity Radiation: This is all about what?

A

Time, distance, and shielding.

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15
Q

Safety for Intracavity Radiation: What can staff do for safety?

A

Want to make sure you aren’t exposed. Dosimeters can be placed and can pick up on radiation we are being exposed to and if we’ve had too much.

Also no pregnant caregivers.

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16
Q

Safety for Intracavity Radiation: Who cannot visit?

A

Those who are pregannt and those younger than 18

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17
Q

Safety for Intracavity Radiation: You should monitor for what here in regards to radiation therapy

A

That the device has not been dislodged. If dislodged, do not touch it.

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18
Q

Breast Cancer: What are some different types?

A

Ductal Carcinoma in Situ (In Situ means surrounding tissue not involved)
Invasive Cancer
Pagets Disease (Begins in ductal systems. Moves out to nipple, areola, and surrounding skin.

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19
Q

Breast Cancer: RFs for this?

A 
Female Gender
> 40 years old
Family HX
Hormonals Factors (High Estrogen Level)
Radiation Exposure
High Fat Diet
Alcohol Intake
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20
Q

Breast Cancer: What specific hormonal factors can affect this?

A

Like early menarche before 12 or late menopause

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21
Q

Guidelines for Early Detection of Breast Cancer: When will breast exams start?

A

In 20’s and 30’s with breast exam every 3 years and then annually after 45 years old

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22
Q

Guidelines for Early Detection of Breast Cancer: When does mammography start?

A

Begins at age 45

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23
Q

Guidelines for Early Detection of Breast Cancer: Womans at increased risk may have earlier what?

A

Screening, shorter screening intervals, and additional screening procedures like MRI

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24
Q

Breast Cancer - Assessment: Where can lumps be found

A

Anywhere, usually upper outer quadrant

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25
Q

Breast Cancer - Assessment: How willl lumps appear?

A

Nontender, fixed, and hard lesions with irregular borders

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26
Q

Breast Cancer - Assessment: Advanced signs of this?

A

Skin dimpling, nipple retraction and skin ulceration

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27
Q

Breast Cancer - Diagnostics: Self Breast exam should be done when?

A

5-7 days after menses

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28
Q

Breast Cancer - Diagnostics: Mammography started when

A

At age 45

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29
Q

Breast Cancer - Diagnostics: What is contrast mammography?

A

Looking for introductory cancers. Radioactive material injected into duct and looking to see if there is tumor

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30
Q

Breast Cancer - Diagnostics: MRI or Ultrasound may be done why?

A

If breasts are dense or tests on nonconclusive.

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31
Q

Breast Cancer - Diagnostics: What kind of tissue analysis can occur?

A

Percutaneous Biopsy
Fine-Needle BIopsy
Ultrasound-Guided Core Biopsy

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32
Q

Mammography: What position does this go in?

A

Top to bottom and side to side view. Compressed to show two views of the breasts

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33
Q

Breast Cancer - Surgical Biopsy: What is a excisional biopsy?

A

Mass and surrounding tissues are removed. If lump is small, they will do this.

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34
Q

Breast Cancer - Surgical Biopsy: What is a incisional biopsy?

A

They will only be taking a portion of the tumor out. With a core nedle biopsy, they may be getting a larger sample out.

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35
Q

Breast Cancer - Surgical Biopsy: What is wire needle localiztion?

A

If there is a nonpalpable mass. Imaging and wire inserted into mass and then go to OR so they can track along the wire to remove sample

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36
Q

Breast Cancer - Diagnosing: Staging is done how?

A

Using TNM model.

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37
Q

Breast Cancer - Diagnosing: Prognosis is based on what?

A

Tumor size. Has it spread to lymph nodes.

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38
Q

Breast Cancer - Diagnosing: What gene is seen here?

A

ERBB2. Is a more aggressive cancer.

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39
Q

Breast Cancer - Surgical Mx: What is a Modified Radial Mastectomy?

A

Removal of breast tissue, nipple, areola complex and axillary lymph nodes.

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40
Q

Breast Cancer - Surgical Mx: What is a Total Mastectomy?

A

All breast tissue is removed

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41
Q

Breast Cancer - Surgical Mx: What is Breast Conservation Treatement?

A

Lymphectomy. Remove the lump that has been found and only that

42
Q

Breast Cancer - Surgical Mx: What is Sentinel Node Biopsy?

A

They will take a needle and will remove the first lymph node they find. Then determine if it is cancerous or not. If it hasn’t, they can assume cancer hasn’t spread.

43
Q

Breast Cancer - Surgical Mx: What is Axillary Lymph Node Dissection?

A

They go in and remove all of the lymph nodes. If removed, that is when you see complications of lymphedema and arm swelling.

44
Q

Care of Patient Undergoing Breast Cancer Surgery - Assessment: What will you assess?

A

How did they respond to diagnosis

What emotional support to they use

If there family available?

Are they experiencing discomfort?

45
Q

Breast Cancer - Nursing Diagnosis PostOp: This includes what?

A

Acute Pain
Peripheral Neurovascular Dysfunction
Disturbed Body Image

Deficient Knoweldge R/T Drain Mx, Arm Exercises, Hand/Arm Care.

46
Q

Breast Cancer Surgery Problems: What problems may occur?

A

Lymphedema (Use Compression Slinging, Moving Arms Up and Down)

Hematoma (Warm Compress, or OR) or Seroma Formation

Infection

47
Q

Breast Cancer and Surgery: Goals include what?

A

Increased knowledge about disease

Absence of Complications

48
Q

Breast Cancer and PreOp Nursing Interventions: What is done here?

A

Review and reinforce treatment options

Support the patient

Maintain open communication

Be supportive of the patient and family members

49
Q

Breast Cancer and PostOp Nursing Interventions:

A

Maintain Privacy

Bra with Breast Form in It

Patient education on what to do at home

Referral to counselors.

Monitor for complications like lymphedema

50
Q

Breast Cancer and PostOp Nursing Interventions: Exercises after breast surgery?

A

Wall climbing, rope turning, rod lifting, and pulley tugging

Works muscles in upper chest

51
Q

Breast Cancer and PostOp Nursing Interventions: How do evluate the patient and what to evaluate?

A

Can they take care of themselves

Can they cope, verbalize feedings

Can they remove dressings

52
Q

Nonsurgical Mx of Breast Cancer: What is included here?

A

Radiation Therapy
Chemo Therapy
Hormonal Therapy
Targeted Therapy

53
Q

Nonsurgical Mx of Breast Cancer: What is included in radiation therapy?

A

External Beam and Brachy Therapy

54
Q

Nonsurgical Mx of Breast Cancer: What hormonal therapy may be done?

A

Determine if cancer nourished by hormones.

Estrogen/Progestrone REceptor Assay

Selective Estrogen Receptor Modulators

Aromatase Inhibitors (Blocks astrogen from turning into estrogen)

55
Q

Nonsurgical Mx of Breast Cancer: what is targeted therapy?

A

Targets HER2 protein . Given with meds to inactive tumor and slow the growth.

56
Q

Reconstructive Procedures After Mastectomy: What are some different types?

A 
Tissue Expanders
Tissue Transfers
Nipple-Areola Reconstruction
Prosthetics
REconsturcitve Breast Surgery
57
Q

Reconstructive Procedures After Mastectomy: What is a Breast Reconstruction with Tissue Expander?

A

Expander placed under pectoral muscle and is gradually filled with saline. Once restored, will do nipple-areola reconstriction

58
Q

Reconstructive Procedures After Mastectomy: What is a TRAM FLap?

A

Breast mound created by taking abdominal tissue like fat and muscle adn taking it to the mastectomy site.

59
Q

Breast Cancer - Special Considerations: What are some implications of genetic testing?

A

How will you react to the news that you are now more at risk?

60
Q

Breast Cancer - Special Considerations: What are some things to consider?

A

Pregnancy with Cancer
Quality of Life and Survivorship
How those with disabilities will handle it

61
Q

Breast Cancer - Special Considerations: Disease of the male breast is what?

A

Gynecomastia , which is enlarged breast tissue.

62
Q

Prostate Cancer: How common is this?

A

Second most common cancer and second most common cause of death hin men

63
Q

Prostate Cancer: RFs?

A

Increasing age, familial predisposiiton, african american

64
Q

Prostate Cancer: Manifestations of this?

A

Early has few or no symptoms

Later on, symptoms of urinary obstruction, blood in urine or semen, painful ejaculation

65
Q

Prostate Cancer: What to know for metastasis

A

Symptoms f metastasis may be the first manifestations

66
Q

Prostate Cancer: What is vital for this?

A

Early diagnosing and health screening

67
Q

Prostate Cancer: Treatment may include what?

A

Prostatectomy, Radiation Therapy, Hormonal Therapy or Chemotherapy

68
Q

Prostate Cancer: What does Hormonal Therapy have to do with?

A

Androgen depreivation therapy. Decreases level of testosterone and prostate will atrophy

69
Q

Prostate Cancer: Why is watchful waiting used here?

A

For older adults were they monitor PSA levels. Especially those who are expeced to live less than 5 years.

70
Q

Prostate Surgery Procedures: What is a TURP?

A

Will be done when prostate is small. Low complications. Needle goes in and is removed.

71
Q

Prostate Surgery Procedures: What is super pubic prostacteomy?

A

Opening made through abdomen and reatched in there

72
Q

Prostate Surgery Procedures: What is a Perineal Prostatectomy?

A

Done when other approaches aren’t available, usually due to incontinence. Go through the bottom.

73
Q

Prostate Surgery Procedures: Retropubic is used when?

A

Higher chance of infection. When the prostate is higher up than normal.

74
Q

Prostatectomy - Assessment: What should we assessed?

A

How this affects their lifestyle
Urinary/Sexual Function
Health Hx
Nutritonal Status

75
Q

Prostatectomy - Assessment: Diagnosis for this?

A 
Anxiety
Acute Pain PreOperatively
Acute Pain PostOp
RF Imbalanced Fluid Volume PostOp
Deficient Knowledge
76
Q

Prostatectomy - Complications: What does this incude?

A 
Hemorrhage and Shock
Infection
VTE (TED Hose, Prophylaxis)
Urinary Incontinence
Sexual Dysfunction 
Catheter Obstruction
77
Q

Prostatectomy - Planning: What are the goals for this before surgery?

A

Include adequate preparation and reduction in anxiety and pain

78
Q

Prostatectomy - Planning: What are some major goals after surgery?

A

Maintenance of fluid volume balance, relief of pain and discomfort, ability to perform self-care, and absence of complications

79
Q

Prostate Cancer - Relief of Pain: After surgery, what should be monitored?

A

Urinary drainage and keeping catheter patent

80
Q

Prostate Cancer - Relief of Pain: How to assess pain?

A

Bladder spasms cause feeling of pressure and fullness, urgency to void, and bleeding from the urethra around the catheter

81
Q

Prostate Cancer - Relief of Pain: How to help rleieve this?

A

Medication and warm compressed or sits baths for spasms

Administer analgesics and antispasmodics

Encourage patient to walk and not sit for long periods. Trying to prevent constipation

82
Q

Prostate Cancer - Relief of Pain: What is always ordered after TERP?

A

Continuous Bladder Irrigiation, is a three-way system

83
Q

Prostate Cancer - Relief of Pain: What is in teh three-way system?

A

Irrigation solution, triple lumen catheter, and drainage bag.

84
Q

Prostate Cancer - CBI: How long will you keep this flowing?

A

Want to keep it flowing until you see a light pink color. Usually discontinued after 24 hours if no clots.

85
Q

Prostate Cancer - TURP: What should you closely monitor for with drainage system?

A

The increase in bladder distention that causes pain and bleeding

86
Q

Prostate Cancer - TURP: How to control pain?

A

Analgesics and decrease activity for first 24 hours

87
Q

Prostate Cancer - TURP: What complications can occur?

A

Hemorrhage
Urinary Incontinence (Kegel Exercises)0
Infections (Increase Fluids)
Prevent DVT

88
Q

Prostate Cancer - Interventions: How to reduce anxiety?

A

Be sensitive to embarassing changed issues. Provivde privacy, allow them to verbalize concerns

89
Q

Prostate Cancer - Interventions: Patient education should incldue what?

A

Explanations of anatomy, and function, and diagnostics tests and surgery.

90
Q

Prostate Cancer - Interventions: Patient education should incldue what?

A

Explanations of anatomy, and function, and diagnostics tests and surgery.

91
Q

Prostate Cancer: Rehabilitation and Home Care: Care at home includes what?

A

Of the urinary devices and recognition and preventing complications like UTI

92
Q

Prostate Cancer: Rehabilitation and Home Care: How to regain bladder continence

A

Tell them its gradual and may take a 1 year. SHould do perineal exercises

93
Q

Prostate Cancer: Rehabilitation and Home Care: What should they avoid?

A

Straining, heavy lifting, long car trips,

94
Q

Prostate Cancer: Rehabilitation and Home Care: Diet would include what?

A

Encourage fluid and avoid coffee, alcohol, and spicy foods.

95
Q

Testicular Cancer: Most common with what age group

A

15-40 , most common cancer in men

96
Q

Testicular Cancer: RFs?

A

Crytogenism (undescended testicles), family history, HIV positive, caucasian , occupational hazards

97
Q

Testicular Cancer: Manifestations?

A

As a lump on the testicle that is painless. Pain back, abdominal pain, weight gain, generalized weakness with metastasis

98
Q

Testicular Cancer: Early diagnosis inlcudes what?

A

Teaching men to do testicular self exam . Tumor markers to check as well.

Testing to see if it has metastasized.

99
Q

Testicular Cancer: Treatment includes what?

A

Removal of the testicle. Testectomy.

100
Q

Testicular Cancer: What should be done before testicle removed?

A

They should save sperm if they want children later on

101
Q

Testicular Cancer: Nursing MX includes what?

A

Assessing physical and psychosocial status

Support of coping

Addressing issues of body image and sexuality.

Patient education

TSE and Follow-Up Care

NRSG 200: Med Surg 3 (46 decks)

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