Exam 2 Flashcards
enzymes do what to the activation energy of a particular reaction?
lower activation energy
in which binding site will a competitive inhibitor bind?
active site
what would be the net result of a competitive inhibitor binding to the active site?
loss in enzyme function
how many NET ATP are made directly during pyruvate oxidation?
none
what role does oxygen play in aerobic cellular respiration?
final electron acceptor
what is the summary chemical equation for aerobic respiration?
C6H12O6 + 6O2 —> 6CO2 + 6H2O + ATP
in which step(s) of aerobic respiration is CO2 produced?
pyruvate oxidation and Kreb’s cycle
by which method is ATP synthesized during the Kreb’s cycle?
substrate level phosphorylation
what is the relationship of wavelength to energy?
the shorter the wavelength the higher the energy
how many molecules of ATP are generated during the Kreb’s cycle per molecule of glucose?
2
is oxygen released during the light dependent or the light independent phase of photosynthesis?
light dependent
1. Reactions that require the input of energy are called reactions. A. reduction B. exergonic C. catabolic D. oxidative E. endergonic
E. Endergonic
Enzymes have specific with which they interact A. products B. substrates C. catalysts D. atoms E. bonds
B. Substrates
inorganic nonprotein components that are required as part of certain enzymatic reactions are known as?
cofactors, usually metal ions
when an atom or molecule gains one or more electrons, it is said to be?
reduced
as energy is being converted through many forms, it is continuously lost as?
heat
an electron carrier used during oxidation of glucose molecules is?
NADH
reactions that result in the breakdown of large molecules into smaller ones are called?
catabolic
in the absence of oxygen, hydrogen atoms generated during glycolysis are donated to organic molecules in a process called?
fermentation
chemiosmotic generation of ATP is driven by?
a difference in H+ concentration on the two sides of the mitochondrial inner membrane
a process common to all living organisms is
glycolysis
the enzymes catalyzing the reactions of pyruvate oxidation are found in the?
mitochondria
in the cyclic reaction sequence of aerobic respiration, all of the following events take place except?
A. Coenzyme A is liberated
B. the resulting 6 carbon molecule is oxidized
C. electrons are used to produce NADH
D. 2 carbons per cycle are used to form CO2
E. pyruvate molecules are regenerated for re-use in the cycle
E.
carbon atoms from CO2 are incorporated into organic molecules in a series of light independent reactions called?
carbon fixation
flattened sacs of internal membranes associated with photosynthesis are called?
thylakoids
visible light has a wavelength of roughly?
400-700nm
in the light independent reactions of photosynthesis, CO2 is added to a 5 carbon sugar known as?
ribulose bisphosphate
chlorophyll b absorbs light with some of the wavelengths that chlorophyll a does not use. in this respect, chlorophyll b acts as?
an accessory pigment
what happens in both cellular respiration and the light dependent reactions of photosynthesis?
chemiosmotic formation of ATP
how many revolutions of the calvin cycle are required to produce one molecule of glucose?
6
in which part of the chloroplast are the calvin cycle enzymes located?
stroma
in which step of the oxidation of glucose is FADH2 generated?
Kreb’s cycle
how many NADH are generated during the complete oxidation of a glucose molecule?
10
a black surface appears black because?
all wavelengths of visible light are absorbed
in which steps of respiration is ATP generated by substrate level phosphorylation?
glycolysis and Kreb’s cycle
how many NET ATP are produced by glycolysis of anaerobic respiration?
2
in anaerobic respiration, the initial step in the oxidation of glucose occurs in which cellular compartment of prokaryotic cells?
cytoplasm
where is NADPH generated?
light dependent reaction of photosynthesis
how many ATP are generated during the oxidation of one pyruvate molecule?
1
Acetyl-CoA is bound to which of the following at the beginning of the Calvin cycle? A. oxaloacetate B. ribulose bi-phosphate (RuBP) C. carbon dioxide D. oxygen E. none of the above
E. none of the above
at the conclusion of an enzyme catalyzed reaction, the enzyme ___?
frees itself from the product and is ready to be reused
in green plant photosynthesis, the electron donor for the light dependent reaction is?
water
the sites where molecules other than substrates bind to an enzyme to alter its activity are called ____?
allosteric
the regulation of a biochemical pathway often involves the end product binding to the first enzyme in the sequence. this kind of regulation is called?
feedback inhibition
a type of membrane transport in which fluid droplets are engulfed by the membrane which then form a vesicle containing the fluid is called?
pinocytosis
pinocytosis is active or passive?
active transport (energy requiring)
