Chapter 13 Flashcards
how does the age of a mother relate to the risk of down syndrome?
the risk increases with the mother’s age
what is ploidy?
refers to the number of chromosomes
what is aneuploid?
an organism who has an error in chromosome number
what is human trisomic condition?
down syndrome
what does polyploidy do for plants?
it’s fairly common, beneficial, and makes the plant more robust, so it does better than it diploid counterparts
what is instant speciation in plants?
triploid plants make triploid seeds, there is no further breeding required
what is an inversion?
moving segments of chromosomes
list the 3 types of inversions
- pericentric inversion
- paracentric inversion
- inversion pairing
what is pericentric inversion?
the chromosome segments near the center flip flop around the centromere
what is paracentric inversion?
the chromosome segments on the ends flip flop around the centromere
what determines the extent of mutation?
how much of a gene was swapped
what is inversion pairing?
changing one chromosome causes other homologous pair member to change to fit for synapsis
what might have caused human evolution?
inversion pairing
what is reciprocal translocation?
a segment of DNA is transferred from one chromosome to another, NONHOMOLOGOUS chromosome, there is no gain or loss of genetic material
