Chapter 1 Flashcards
what are the properties of life?
- ability to reproduce
- response to stimuli
- growth or development
- obtain and use energy (metabolism)
- adaptation/evolution
- has DNA
- organization
why aren’t viruses considered living things?
they can not reproduce on their own
what is the most basic unit of life?
cells
give an example of a simple cell
single-celled organisms, prokaryotes
give an example of a complex cell
eukaryotes
list the levels of organization of life
cells, tissues, organs, organ systems, organisms, species, population, community, ecosystem
give an example of the organizational levels of life
cells, cardiac tissue, cardiovascular system, human (one student), Berry students, Berry’s students and animals, Berry College Campus
what property of life do emergent properties fall under?
evolution
give an example of an emergent property
flight, birds evolved from dinosaurs and evolved to fly
what is a species, anyway??
individuals of the same kind that reproduce among themselves to produce others of the same kind, called viable offspring (think about Dr. RC’s bluebirds!)
Why are all organisms given a latin designation?
latin is a universal, but dead language, so everyone knows it, but it won’t change
what is the structure for naming an organism?
binomial nomenclature
describe binomial nomenclature
two names, first word is the GENUS and is capitalized, second word is the EPITHET and is lowercase, both words are in italics
how does science aim to understand the natural world?
through observation and reasoning
what are the two types of reasoning?
iNductive and deductive
what is iNductive reasoning?
using general observations to develop a principle
ex. Newton and gravity
what is deductive reasoning?
using general principles to make a prediction
ex. figuring out why the lights don’t work
what is a theory?
a generally accepted idea about something
ex. Darwin’s theory of evolution
what is the systematic approach that scientists use to gain an understanding of the world?
the scientific method!
what is the first step of the scientific method?
make an observation
what do you do after making an observation, according to the scientific method?
ask a question
what do you do after asking a question, according to the scientific method?
form a hypothesis to answer that question
what comes after forming a hypothesis, according to the scientific method?
making a prediction based on the hypothesis
what do you do after making a prediction based on your hypothesis, according to the scientific method?
designing an experiment to test the prediction
what do you do after your experiment, according to the scientific method?
analyze the results!
if your hypothesis is correct after analyzing the results of your experiment, what do you do?
report those results!!
if your hypothesis was incorrect after analyzing the results of your experiment, what do you do?
go back and try again with a different hypothesis!
A suggested and testable explanation for an event is called a ____?
hypothesis
the type of logical thinking that uses related observations to arrive at a general conclusion is
inductive reasoning
the smallest unit of biological structure that meets the functional requirements of “living” is the ___?
cell
the presence of a membrane-enclosed nucleus is a characteristic of ___?
eukaryotic cells
a group of individuals of the same species living in the same area is called a ?
population
where in the phylogenetic tree would you expect to find the organism that evolved most recently/
at the branch tips
