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Bio 111 > Chapter 5 pt. 2 > Flashcards

Chapter 5 pt. 2 Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

passive transport implies

A

no energy required by cell

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2
Q

give three reasons why some solutes and molecules can pass through the cell membrane without issue

A
  1. concentration gradient
  2. molecule is small enough
  3. molecule has the right charge
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3
Q

define selective permeability

A

integral membrane proteins allow the cell to be SELECTIVE about what passes through the membrane

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4
Q

give an example of a molecule that gets through the cell using selective permeability

A

glucose

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5
Q

what are the two types of integral membrane proteins?

A

channel proteins and carrier proteins

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6
Q

how do channel proteins allow which molecules inside the cell?

A

their polar interior allows polar molecules to pass through

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7
Q

how do carrier proteins work?

A

they bind to a specific molecule and allow it to pass through; gives the molecule a bear hug, changes its shape a little bit to allow it to pass through

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8
Q

do all carrier proteins work for all molecules?

A

no, there are specific proteins for specific molecules

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9
Q

what are the two types of channel proteins?

A

ion channels and gated channels

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10
Q

what do ion channel proteins allow into the cell?

A

ions

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11
Q

how do gated channel proteins work?

A

they open or close in response to chemical or electrical stimulus

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12
Q

give an example of a chemical stimulus that would open or close a gated channel protein?

A

a molecule in the cell

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13
Q

give an example of an electrical stimulus that would open or close a gated channel protein and how is it measured?

A

charges in the cells, measured in millivolts

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14
Q

what is facilitated diffusion?

A

the movement of a molecule ALONG its concentration gradient with the HELP of a carrier protein

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15
Q

what are three characteristics of facilitated diffusion?

A
  1. it is specific
  2. it is passive
  3. it saturates when all carriers are occupied
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16
Q

what is an analogy for facilitated diffusion saturating when all carriers are occupied?

A

it’s like going through Atlanta at rush hour, the interstate is saturated because there is no way to get through because there are cars in every lane, so your rate of travel, or rate of diffusion is slow

17
Q

what is active transport?

A

movement against the concentration gradient with the use of ATP

18
Q

what is ATP’s role in active transport?

A

it binds to integral proteins to push molecules against their gradient

19
Q

how does the cell use ATP?

A

by cleaving the last bond to remove the phosphate group, leaving ADP

20
Q

what are the three carrier proteins used in active transport?

A
  1. uniporters
  2. symporters
  3. antiporters
21
Q

how do uniporters work?

A

move one molecule into the cell at a time

22
Q

how do symporters work?

A

move 2 molecules in the same direction at the same time, like a 2 for 1 special, molecules can be the same of different

23
Q

how do antiporters work?

A

move two molecules in opposite directions, like a club bouncer, one in, one out

24
Q

what are the two ways that bulk transport is accomplished?

A
  1. endocytosis

2. exocytosis

25
Q

what is endocytosis?

A

moving INto the cell in bulk

26
Q

what is exocytosis?

A

moving OUT of the cell in bulk

27
Q

what are the three kinds of endocytosis?

A
  1. phagocytosis
  2. pinocytosis
  3. receptor-mediated
28
Q

describe phagocytosis

A

cell membrane eats/engulfs something, pacman style, by changing shape to engulf the particle, and creating a vacuole, which merges with a digestive vesicle for break down

29
Q

describe pinocytosis

A

cell drinking, large quantities of liquid moved into cell, plasma membrane reaches out, pulls in liquid, and forms a vacuole

30
Q

describe receptor-mediated bulk transport

A

RECEPTOR PROTEINS IN CELL MEMBRANE bind to specific solute molecules, which triggers the plasma membrane pit to invaginate deeper, and form a vesicle to bring it in

31
Q

what is exocytosis?

A

sending products or waste out of the cell using a vesicle

32
Q

give an example of exocytosis?

A

insulin is a hormone produced by the cell, and is responsible for movement of glucose into the cell, and is a protein made by DNA and RNA through the endomembrane system and sent out to other cells to make the body happy

33
Q

what are vesicles and why is this important?

A

they are phospholipid bilayers, so they can merge with the plasma membrane to get out

Bio 111 (17 decks)

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