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A & P 2 > Exam-2 > Flashcards

Exam-2 Flashcards

1
Q
  1. Usually the first leukocytes recruited to infection sites are
    a. Neutrophils
    b. Eosinophils
    c. Basophils
    d. Lymphocytes
A

A

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2
Q

. Which of the following are not considered to be immune effector cells?

a. T cells
b. B cells
c. Dendritic cells
d. Macrophages

A

C

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3
Q
  1. After activation occurs in peripheral lymphoid organs, B cells proliferate in ________ and T cells proliferate in ____________.
    a. Parafollicular zones; follicles
    b. follicles, parafollicular zones
    c. bone marrow; thymus
    d. thymus; bone marrow
A

B

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4
Q

. Which of the following cytokines will most likely cause inflammation?

a. Tissue necrosis factor (TNF)
b. Interleukin-2 (IL-2)
c. Interleukin-3 (IL-3)
d. Interleukin-4 (IL-4)

A

A

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5
Q

Which of the following would be considered part of the innate immune response?

a. T cell activation
b. CD40 Ligand production
c. Toll-like Receptor (TLR) activation
d. Clonal selection

A

C

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6
Q

The component of the complement pathway may act as the anchor for formation of the membrane attack complex.

a. C1
b. C3b
c. C3d
d. C5b
e. C4a

A

D

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7
Q

Antigen presentation on MHC-II molecules may be recognized by:
a. Naïve CD4 cells

A

A

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8
Q

This cytokine is released by macrophages to stimulate NK cells.

a. IL-2
b. IL-4
c. IL-6
d. IL-10
e. IL-12

A

E

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9
Q

Double-Positive immature T-cells that express weak recognition of MHC-I are likely to:

a. Maturation as CD8+ cells
b. Maturation as CD4+ cells
c. Apoptosis
d. Negative Selection

A

A

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10
Q

If recognition of antigen presented on MHC molecules is considered a first signal, which of the following would be considered a second signal?

a. TLR binding and activation
b. B7/CD28 interaction
c. Production of C3a
d. IFN-alpha production

A

B

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11
Q

Antigens that are presented in the cytoplasm are presented on:

a. MHC-I
b. MHC-II
c. TLR
d. B7

A

A

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12
Q

Release of this cytokine is associated with activation and production of Reactive Oxygen Intermediates (ROI’s)

a. IFN-β
b. IFN-λ
c. TNF-β
d. IL-12

A

B

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13
Q

Exposure to a lipid antigen would result in activation of:

a. B cells only
b. T cells only
c. Both B and T cells
d. Neither T cells or B cells

A

A

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14
Q

This antibody is associated with mast cell degranulation and allergies

a. IgA
b. IgD
c. IgE
d. IgG
e. IgM

A

C

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15
Q

Which of the following is a stimulus for IgG class-switching?

a. IFN-λ
b. TNF-β
c. IL-4
d. IL-5

A

A

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16
Q

Which immunoglobulin is secreted during a secondary response?

a. IgG
b. IgE
c. IgM
d. IgD

A

A

17
Q
  1. C1 may be activated when two of the following bind to a microbe with their Fc region (? photo cut off) proximity to one another?
    a. IgA
    b. IgD
    c. IgG
    d. IgE
A

C

18
Q

Th1 cells activate macrophages via the _________ pathway.

a. B7/CD28
b. CD40/CD40 ligand
c. TLR
d. IL-4

A

B

19
Q

. If you were analyzing a blood sample that showed high levels of IgM then you would see

a. That this person had just not been exposed to an infectious organism
b. That this person had recently been exposed to an infectious organism
c. This person is experiencing an allergic reaction
d. This person is experiencing a secondary response to an infection

A

B

20
Q

A body fluid sample that contains a large amount of IgA would most likely be:

a. Blood
b. Lymph
c. Plasma
d. Tears

A

D

21
Q

A decline in the numbers of this cell type of would impair all aspects of an immune response

a. CD8
b. CD4
c. Plasma
d. B cells

A

B

22
Q

The Lectin Pathway for the activation of complement begins with

a. IgG antibody covring the surface of a microbe in such a way that the Fc portion of the antibody molecules can interact with complement factor 1 (C1)
b. Mannose binding proteins finding a cell whose outer membrane or wall has terminal mannose residues on it and binding to them.
c. C3b forming a stable attachment to proteins or polysaccharides on the surface of the microbe.

A

B

23
Q

Which of the following increases the likelihood of a T cell/APC interaction resulting in T-cell activation by allowing for a longer-lasting, more stable interaction between the T-cell and the APC?

a. CD40
b. Integrins
c. Interferons
d. TLRs

A

B

24
Q

During a B-cell/Helper T-cell interaction the T-cell may increase expression of ____ in order to stimulate B cell proliferation and Ig class-switching.

a. CD40 ligand
b. B7
c. MHC-II
d. CD4
e. Intergrins

A

A

25
Q

This cytokine increases expression of selection and cell-adhesion molecules on vascular endothelial cells so that immune system cells may enter the infected tissue.

a. TNF-α
b. TGF-β
c. IFN-λ
d. IFN-α

A

A

26
Q

CD8 cell activation may not occur without release of these cytokines by helper T-cells.

a. IL-4 and IL-5
b. IFN-λ and IL-2
c. IL-12 and IFN-λ
d. TNF-α and IL-6

A

B

27
Q

Which of the following will kill infectious organisms without the need to endocytize or phagocytize them?

a. NK cells
b. CD8 cells
c. Eosinophils
d. All of the above
e. A and C only

A

D

28
Q

Which of the following may provide a second signal for B cell activation?

a. B7
b. IFN-λ
c. C3d
d. MHC-I

A

C

29
Q

Which of the following can stimulate isotype switching and affinity maturation?

a. B7/CD28
b. CD40 Ligand
c. TGF-β
d. IL-8

A

B and/or C

30
Q
  1. Follicular Dendritic cells are absolutely essential for which of the following?
    a. Complement fixation
    b. CD4 cell activation
    c. Affinity maturation
    d. Antibody class switching
A

C

31
Q
  1. A T-independent response is superior to a T-dependent response due to enhanced switching and memory cell production.
    a. True
    b. False
    c. I don’t know
A

B

32
Q

Removal of this organ would interfere with immune complex removal and may increase susceptibility to certain types of bacterial infections.

a. Thymus
b. Spleen
c. Tonsils
d. Adenoids

A

B

33
Q

This is the best neutralizing antibody, but may not be the best activator of complement

a. IgA
b. IgD
c. IgG
d. IgE
e. IgM

A

C

34
Q

The FcgammaR1 receptor is associated with cells whose primary function is

a. Phagocytosis
b. Degranulation
c. Exocytosis
d. Complement activation

A

A

35
Q

(Bonus) Which of the following is released by regulatory T cells (suppressor cells) to inhibit activation and growth of CD4 and CD8 T-cells?

a. TGF-β
b. TNF-α
c. IFN-α
d. IFN-β
e. IL-8

A

A

A & P 2 (19 decks)

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