Chapter 10

Question 1

1. The main type of lymphocytes involved in both tumors and transplants are ___________ (be very specific).
2. Immune surveillance prevents the outgrowth of cells.
3. The cancer that originates from the mesodermal tissue such as muscle or bone is called ______________.
4. Oncogene is a gene that changes a normal cell to a _______ cell.

Answer 1

1. CTLs
2. transformed
3. Sarcoma
4. tumor

Question 2

5. Neoplastic transformation is the transformation of a ____ _______ cell ____ cell.
6. Some tumors stop expressing antigens on their MHC molecules that are the targets of immune attack. They are called _______.
7. Some tumors stop expressing class I MHC molecules and are called ____ tumors.
8. Some tumors secrete cytokines such as _______ to suppress immune responses.

Answer 2

5. Normal, tumor cell
6. antigen loss variants
7. Class 1 MHC negative
8. transforming growth factor beta

Question 3

9. __________ cells are the key players in immune surveillance.
10. ADCC is where _______ and _______ (names of the cells) mediate the killing.
11. If graft alloantigens are presented by allogeneic dendritic cells along with costimulation, it is called ________ (direct or indirect) recognition.
12. Hyperacute rejection involves the presence of _______ formed against previous blood transfusion or transplantation.
13. ______ rejection occurs within days or weeks after transplantation and is the principal cause of early graft failure. In here, foreign tissue turns on T cells and circulating antibodies attach endothelial cells of graft leading to endothelialitis.

Answer 3

9. NK
10. NK cells and macrophages
11. Direct
12. antibodies
13. Acute

Question 4

14. _____rejection is where APCs present graft protein to activate CD4 and its cytokines cause smooth muscle in tunica media to proliferate causing vessel occlusion.
15. The cells of the innate immunity that are involved in tumor suppression are _______.
16. Xenograft would solve the problem of shortage of donors for transplants but the main problem in using xenograft is that the body has ___________ antibodies.
17. Some tumors stimulate T cell inhibitory pathways such as ________ or .

Answer 4

14. Chronic
15. Natural Killer cells
16. Natural antibodies
17. CTLA4 or PD-1

Question 5

18. ___Tumor_______ cells have a high rate of mutation than normal and also are poor at repairing damaged DNA.
19. Growing dendritic cells with tumor antigen and reintroducing them to the patient helps activate _____T________ cells.
20. Two mechanisms that the B cells use to get rid of tumors are ____complement______ and ___ADCC___.
21. How is monoclonal antibody therapy beneficial in treating tumors? _______________

Answer 5

18. Tumor
19. T
20. complement and ADCC
    21.

Question 6

22. Blockade of inhibitory receptors on T cells would be an appropriate treatment for _tumor_______ (tumor/transplant)?
23. A person receiving his own skin graft after severe burn is an example of ___auto-_________ graft.
24. Oncofetal proteins are proteins expressed in the _____fetus___________.
25. What type of evasion is shown below? ___MHC negative_____________

Answer 6

22. Tumor
23. auto
24. fetus
25. MHC negative