Chapter 1 Review

Question 1

I. Fill in the blanks:
1. Circle the correct answer: Antibodies recognize ______________ (intracellular? or extracellular?) antigens, whereas cytotoxic T lymphocytes recognize antigens produced by ____________ (intracellular? or extracellular?) microbes.

2. B lymphocytes mature in this part of the body _____ whereas T lymphocytes mature in ___the______________.
3. The generative or primary lymphoid organs are __________ and _________.
4. CTL stands for __ ___________.

Answer 1

1. Extracellular
   Intracellular
2. Bone Marrow
   Thymus
3. Bone Marrow
   Thymus
4. Cytotoxic T Lymphocytes

Question 2

5. ________ are called macrophages when they migrate to tissues.
6. Kupfer cells and osteoclasts are examples of __________.
   a. Dendritic cells b. mast cells c. macrophages d. monocytes
7. Choose the correct answer: ___ The size of the thymus is largest in which age group?
   a. Newborn b. 10 year-old c. 20 year-old d. 30 year-old e. 60-year old
8. Where in the lymph node are B cells located? ______.
   a. cortex (follicles) b. parafollicular cortex c. medulla d. all of these

Answer 2

5. Monocytes
6. Monocytes
7. B
8. A

Question 3

9. _____ True or false? Secondary (adaptive) immune response is more effective than the primary (innate) immune response.
10. ___________ are a large group of chemical mediators(mostly proteins) that are important in the body’s defense against pathogens.
11. Arrange the following cells to represent the different stages in the life history of lymphocytes in the correct order:
    a. Memory cells b. naïve cells c. activated (effector) cells

_____  _____  _____

Answer 3

9. True
10. Cytokines
11. b c a

Question 4

12. Rearrange the following steps:
    a. Differentiation b. Proliferation c. Antigen recognition
    The correct sequence is ____ →____ →____
13. Rearrange the following steps that are involved in adaptive immunity:
    a. Contraction b. memory c. activation phase d. recognition phase e. antigen elimination

The correct sequence is ___ →___ →___ → ____ → ___

14. In the following illustration, Letter A refers to which type of lymphocytes? __B___________

Answer 4

12. c b a
13. d c e a b
14. B Lymphocyte

Question 5

15. Match the key terms to the appropriate statements
    a. diversity b. memory c. specialization d. specificity
    e. contraction and homeostasis f. nonreactivity to self g. clonal expansion

i. Ensures that distinct antigens elicit specific responses ______
ii. Enables immune system to respond to a large variety of antigens _____
iii. Leads to enhanced responses to repeated exposures to the same antigens ___
iv. Increases number of antigen-specific lymphocytes to keep pace with microbes ______
v. Generates responses that are optimal for defense against different types of microbes ______
vi. Allows immune system to respond to newly encountered antigens ______
vii. Prevents injury to the host during responses to foreign antigens ______

Answer 5

15.

1. d
2. a
3. b
4. g
5. c
6. e
7. f

Question 6

16. Matching: Identify the following if they belong to the innate or adaptive immune system by placing ‘I’ or ‘A’ 
\_\_\_\_\_ Skin
\_\_\_\_\_ T lymphocytes
\_\_\_\_\_ B lymphocytes
\_\_\_\_\_ NK cells

17. Types of Immune Responses:
    a. Natural active immune response b. Induced active immune response c. Natural passive immune response d. Induced passive immune response
18. A person receiving Rh antibody such as Rho Gam is an example of which type of immunity? _______________
19. The presence of IgA and IgG in a new born is an example of which type of immunity? ____ ____
20. Receiving flu shot is an example of __ ____ immunity.

Answer 6

16.

1. I
2. A
3. A
4. I
6. d
7. c
8. b