Exam 1 - Reproductive and Sexual Healthcare Flashcards
Exam 1
unintended pregnancy
pregnancy occurring when a person is not actively trying to conceive
contraception
the intentional prevention of pregnancy
the practice of decreasing the risk of conceiving through use of medications or devices
birth control
family planning
the conscious decision on when to conceive or avoid pregnancy
What’s a culturally-sensitive term to use in place of birth control?
Child spacing
Perfect use
failure rate of a method without user error
Typical use
failure rate of a method based on how people typically use it
What are the two hormones involved in combined hormonal methods?
Estrogen and progestin
Name at least 3 contraindications of CHCs.
Hx of blood blots
Migraine with aura
Breastfeeding
HTN
Smoking
Current breast disease
Cirrhosis
Diabetes with neuropathy
Name the two main CHCs.
(1) Birth control pills
(2) Birth control patch
Name the progesterone only methods of BC.
(1) Depo-Provera Shot
(2) Mini pill
(3) Nexplanon
(4) Hormonal IUDs
Name at least 3 non-hormonal methods of BC.
(1) Paragard / Copper IUD
(2) Diaphragm
(3) Cervical cap
(4) Sponge
(5) Spermicide
(6) Phexxi / Vaginal Gel
(7) Condoms
What are the 3 forms of natural family planning?
(1) Abstinence
(2) Fertility Awareness Method (FAM)
(3) Lactation Amenorrhea Method (LAM)
What are the permanent methods of birth control?
Tubal ligation
Vasectomy
cutting, tying, or sealing fallopian tubes
tubal ligation
cutting and sealing the vas deferens in men to prevent sperm from mixing with semen
vasectomy
What is the purpose of completing a sexual health history?
(1) prevent STIs
(2) discuss pregnancy
(3) answers Qs and concerns
Name the 5 Ps of sexual health history
Partners
Practices
Past (history of STIs)
Protection (from STIs)
Pregnancy
What are the two additional Ps that could be added to the original 5?
Pleasure
PrEP/PEP
When is it optimal to start taking prenatal vitamins?
3 months before becoming pregnant
Name 4 key lifestyle modifications that a person should consider when trying to become pregnant
(1) Healthy habits
(2) Smoking cessation
(3) Reducing alcohol intake
(4) Managing weight
bacterial or viral illness contracted through vaginal, oral, or anal sex
Sexually Transmitted Infections (STIs)
Chlamydia cause
Chlamydia trachomatis
Chlamydia diagnosis
NAAT and culture
Key symptoms of chlamydia include…
Discharge
Painful urination
Frequency
Spotting
Vulvar itching
Chlamydia transmission
Sexual contact
Mother to baby
In non-pregnant individuals, you can use ____ or ____ to treat chlamydia
Azithromycin or doxycycline.
Which medication should you NOT give to pregnant people to treat chlamydia?
Doxycycline
Gonorrhea cause
Neisseria gonorrhoeae
Gonorrhea diagnosis
NAAT, culture
Gonorrhea s/s
often asymptomatic
discharge
pelvic pain
Gonorrhea transmission
Sexual contact
mother to baby
Gonorrhea treatment
Ceftriaxone IM or Azithromycin 1g oral
Both gonorrhea and chlamydia can lead to which neonatal concerns?
(1) neonatal conjunctivitis
(2) swelling and pus in the eye
Clinical practice to deliver sexual partners without requiring partners to get examined first
Expedited Partner Therapy (EPT)
Trichomoniasis cause
Trichomonas vaginalis
Trichomoniasis diagnosis
NAAT, wet mount
Trichomoniasis symptoms
green / yellow discharge, itching, discomfort
Trichomoniasis transmission
Sexual contact
Trichomoniasis treatment
Metronidazole (primary) or Tinidazole
Syphilis cause
Treponema Pallidum
Syphilis diagnosis
Blood tests - RPR, VDRL, FTA
Syphilis symptoms
Chancre, rash, flu-like symptoms
Syphilis transmission
Sexual contact
Mother to baby
Syphilis Treatment
Benzathine penicillin G (IM) Injection
What is the key nursing care for Syphilis?
Monitor tx for effectiveness;
Disease progression
Why is early treatment important for pregnant people with Syphilis?
Early tx prevents congenital syphilis
What are signs and symptoms of congenital syphilis?
skin rashes
irritability
bone abnormalities
If left untreated, what can congenital syphilis lead to?
Vision and hearing problems
during the primary stage of syphilis, you may see the ____.
chancre
During the secondary stage of syphilis, name at least 3 s/s
(1) rash
(2) fever
(3) swollen lymph nodes
(4) feeling tired
During the latent stage of syphilis, there are _____ symptoms.
Typically no
During the tertiary stage of syphilis, what are the symptoms?
(1) difficulty moving
(2) numbness
(3) mental issues
Serious problems of tertiary stage syphilis include…
damage to heart, brain, and other organs
HPV cause
human papillomavirus
HPV diagnosis
Pap smear
HPV DNA test
HPV symptoms
often asymptomatic
genital warts
HPV transmission
sexual contact
skin-to-skin
HPV medications
No specific tx; wart removal if necessary
What is the key nursing care associated with HPV?
Educate on vaccination and prevention
What are the pregnancy considerations for HPV?
Vaccination recommended PRIOR to or AFTER pregnancy
Who should get the HPV vaccine?
(1) children ages 11-12
(2) adults up to and including 26
(3) adults up to and including age 45
HSV cause
herpes simplex virus
HSV diagnosis
viral culture, PCR
HSV symptoms
painful sores, itching
HSV transmission
sexual contact
skin-to-skin
HSV medications
Acyclovir
Valacyclovir
HSV nursing care includes ____ and _____
supportive care and educate on outbreak management
Is there risk of transmission of HSV during delivery?
Yes
When is suppressive therapy recommended to prevent risk of transmission of HSV?
34-36 weeks
How is HSV specifically transmitted to babies?
Through the active lesions
HIV cause
human immunodeficiency virus
HIV diagnosis
antibody/antigen tests, PCR
HIV symptoms
asymptomatic initially
Flu-like symptoms later
HIV transmission
Sexual contact
Blood
Mother to baby
What does PrEP stand for?
Pre-exposure prophylaxis
Daily med taken by HIV-negative individuals to reduce the risk of contracting HIV through sexual activity or injection drug use
PrEP
An emergency med taken within 72 hours after potential exposure to prevent from acquiring HIV
PEP
Hep B cause
Hep B virus
Hep B diagnostics
Blood tests
Hep B symptoms
often asymptomatic
fatigue
jaundice
Hep B transmission
Blood
Sexual contact
mother to baby
Hep B medications
Tenofovir
For Hep B you need to monitor ___ function.
Liver
Is Hep B vaccination safe during pregnancy?
Yes
Group B Stretpotococcus (GBS) cause
Group B Strep bacteria
GBS diagnostics
Cultures (rectal/vaginal swab)
GBS symptoms
can cause fevers in newborns
GBS transmission
mother to baby during delivery
GBS medications
Penicillin G given IV during labor
When should you screen for GBS?
35-37 weeks
Why is screening for GBS important for baby?
To prevent neonatal infection (sepsis) and respiratory distress
Yeast infection cause
Candida species
Yeast infection diagnostics
Clinical diagnosis, wet mount
Yeast infection symptoms
Itching
discharge
Irritation
Yeast infection transmission
Not sexually transmitted
often d/t imbalance of vaginal flora
Yeast infection medications
fluconazole
Yeast infection nursing care
education on hygiene and lifestyle changes
What are the main pregnancy considerations of a yeast infection?
Generally safe
BV cause
imbalance of vaginal bacteria
BV diagnostics
clinical diagnosis
BV symptoms
fishy odor
white/gray discharge, but linked to sexual activity
BV medications
Metronidazole
Clindamycin
BV pregnancy considerations
Can increase risk of preterm labor
PID cause
untreated STIs and other infections
PID diagnostics
Pelvic exam
US
Labs
PID Symptoms
lower belly pain
pelvic pain
dysuria
fever
pain during sex
irregular periods
PID transmission
Sexual contact
PID medications
Antibiotics (azithro, ceftriaxone w/ doxy)
PID pregnancy considerations
can cause infertility; early Tx is important
UTI cause
bacteria (usually E. coli)
UTI diagnostics
urinalysis - infection signs
urine culture - specific bacteria
UTI symptoms
frequent urination
burning during urination
lower abdominal pain
UTI transmission
Not contagious
UTI medications
Common antibiotics like trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole
UTI pregnancy considerations
higher risk for UTIs in pregnant individuals
What is the medication for babies with conjunctivitis?
Erythromycin
how many days after contact with Hep B can you have the vaccine be effective?
14 days
