Exam 1 - Reproductive and Sexual Healthcare Flashcards by Katie Murney

unintended pregnancy

pregnancy occurring when a person is not actively trying to conceive

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contraception

the intentional prevention of pregnancy

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the practice of decreasing the risk of conceiving through use of medications or devices

birth control

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family planning

the conscious decision on when to conceive or avoid pregnancy

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What’s a culturally-sensitive term to use in place of birth control?

Child spacing

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Perfect use

failure rate of a method without user error

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Typical use

failure rate of a method based on how people typically use it

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What are the two hormones involved in combined hormonal methods?

Estrogen and progestin

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Name at least 3 contraindications of CHCs.

Hx of blood blots
Migraine with aura
Breastfeeding
HTN
Smoking
Current breast disease
Cirrhosis
Diabetes with neuropathy

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Name the two main CHCs.

(1) Birth control pills
(2) Birth control patch

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Name the progesterone only methods of BC.

(1) Depo-Provera Shot
(2) Mini pill
(3) Nexplanon
(4) Hormonal IUDs

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Name at least 3 non-hormonal methods of BC.

(1) Paragard / Copper IUD
(2) Diaphragm
(3) Cervical cap
(4) Sponge
(5) Spermicide
(6) Phexxi / Vaginal Gel
(7) Condoms

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What are the 3 forms of natural family planning?

(1) Abstinence
(2) Fertility Awareness Method (FAM)
(3) Lactation Amenorrhea Method (LAM)

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What are the permanent methods of birth control?

Tubal ligation
Vasectomy

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cutting, tying, or sealing fallopian tubes

tubal ligation

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cutting and sealing the vas deferens in men to prevent sperm from mixing with semen

vasectomy

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What is the purpose of completing a sexual health history?

(1) prevent STIs
(2) discuss pregnancy
(3) answers Qs and concerns

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Name the 5 Ps of sexual health history

Partners
Practices
Past (history of STIs)
Protection (from STIs)
Pregnancy

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What are the two additional Ps that could be added to the original 5?

Pleasure
PrEP/PEP

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When is it optimal to start taking prenatal vitamins?

3 months before becoming pregnant

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Name 4 key lifestyle modifications that a person should consider when trying to become pregnant

(1) Healthy habits
(2) Smoking cessation
(3) Reducing alcohol intake
(4) Managing weight

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bacterial or viral illness contracted through vaginal, oral, or anal sex

Sexually Transmitted Infections (STIs)

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Chlamydia cause

Chlamydia trachomatis

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Chlamydia diagnosis

NAAT and culture

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Key symptoms of chlamydia include...

Discharge Painful urination Frequency Spotting Vulvar itching

Chlamydia transmission

Sexual contact Mother to baby

In non-pregnant individuals, you can use ____ or ____ to treat chlamydia

Azithromycin or doxycycline.

Which medication should you NOT give to pregnant people to treat chlamydia?

Doxycycline

Gonorrhea cause

Neisseria gonorrhoeae

Gonorrhea diagnosis

NAAT, culture

Gonorrhea s/s

often asymptomatic discharge pelvic pain

Gonorrhea transmission

Sexual contact mother to baby

Gonorrhea treatment

Ceftriaxone IM or Azithromycin 1g oral

Both gonorrhea and chlamydia can lead to which neonatal concerns?

(1) neonatal conjunctivitis (2) swelling and pus in the eye

Clinical practice to deliver sexual partners without requiring partners to get examined first

Expedited Partner Therapy (EPT)

Trichomoniasis cause

Trichomonas vaginalis

Trichomoniasis diagnosis

NAAT, wet mount

Trichomoniasis symptoms

green / yellow discharge, itching, discomfort

Trichomoniasis transmission

Sexual contact

Trichomoniasis treatment

Metronidazole (primary) or Tinidazole

Syphilis cause

Treponema Pallidum

Syphilis diagnosis

Blood tests - RPR, VDRL, FTA

Syphilis symptoms

Chancre, rash, flu-like symptoms

Syphilis transmission

Sexual contact Mother to baby

Syphilis Treatment

Benzathine penicillin G (IM) Injection

What is the key nursing care for Syphilis?

Monitor tx for effectiveness; Disease progression

Why is early treatment important for pregnant people with Syphilis?

Early tx prevents congenital syphilis

What are signs and symptoms of congenital syphilis?

skin rashes irritability bone abnormalities

If left untreated, what can congenital syphilis lead to?

Vision and hearing problems

during the primary stage of syphilis, you may see the ____.

chancre

During the secondary stage of syphilis, name at least 3 s/s

(1) rash (2) fever (3) swollen lymph nodes (4) feeling tired

During the latent stage of syphilis, there are _____ symptoms.

Typically no

During the tertiary stage of syphilis, what are the symptoms?

(1) difficulty moving (2) numbness (3) mental issues

Serious problems of tertiary stage syphilis include...

damage to heart, brain, and other organs

HPV cause

human papillomavirus

HPV diagnosis

Pap smear HPV DNA test

HPV symptoms

often asymptomatic genital warts

HPV transmission

sexual contact skin-to-skin

HPV medications

No specific tx; wart removal if necessary

What is the key nursing care associated with HPV?

Educate on vaccination and prevention

What are the pregnancy considerations for HPV?

Vaccination recommended PRIOR to or AFTER pregnancy

Who should get the HPV vaccine?

(1) children ages 11-12 (2) adults up to and including 26 (3) adults up to and including age 45

HSV cause

herpes simplex virus

HSV diagnosis

viral culture, PCR

HSV symptoms

painful sores, itching

HSV transmission

sexual contact skin-to-skin

HSV medications

Acyclovir Valacyclovir

HSV nursing care includes ____ and _____

supportive care and educate on outbreak management

Is there risk of transmission of HSV during delivery?

Yes

When is suppressive therapy recommended to prevent risk of transmission of HSV?

34-36 weeks

How is HSV specifically transmitted to babies?

Through the active lesions

HIV cause

human immunodeficiency virus

HIV diagnosis

antibody/antigen tests, PCR

HIV symptoms

asymptomatic initially Flu-like symptoms later

HIV transmission

Sexual contact Blood Mother to baby

What does PrEP stand for?

Pre-exposure prophylaxis

Daily med taken by HIV-negative individuals to reduce the risk of contracting HIV through sexual activity or injection drug use

PrEP

An emergency med taken within 72 hours after potential exposure to prevent from acquiring HIV

PEP

Hep B cause

Hep B virus

Hep B diagnostics

Blood tests

Hep B symptoms

often asymptomatic fatigue jaundice

Hep B transmission

Blood Sexual contact mother to baby

Hep B medications

Tenofovir

For Hep B you need to monitor ___ function.

Liver

Is Hep B vaccination safe during pregnancy?

Yes

Group B Stretpotococcus (GBS) cause

Group B Strep bacteria

GBS diagnostics

Cultures (rectal/vaginal swab)

GBS symptoms

can cause fevers in newborns

GBS transmission

mother to baby during delivery

GBS medications

Penicillin G given IV during labor

When should you screen for GBS?

35-37 weeks

Why is screening for GBS important for baby?

To prevent neonatal infection (sepsis) and respiratory distress

Yeast infection cause

Candida species

Yeast infection diagnostics

Clinical diagnosis, wet mount

Yeast infection symptoms

Itching discharge Irritation

Yeast infection transmission

Not sexually transmitted often d/t imbalance of vaginal flora

Yeast infection medications

fluconazole

Yeast infection nursing care

education on hygiene and lifestyle changes

What are the main pregnancy considerations of a yeast infection?

Generally safe

BV cause

imbalance of vaginal bacteria

BV diagnostics

clinical diagnosis

BV symptoms

fishy odor white/gray discharge, but linked to sexual activity

BV medications

Metronidazole Clindamycin

BV pregnancy considerations

Can increase risk of preterm labor

PID cause

untreated STIs and other infections

PID diagnostics

Pelvic exam US Labs

PID Symptoms

lower belly pain pelvic pain dysuria fever pain during sex irregular periods

PID transmission

Sexual contact

PID medications

Antibiotics (azithro, ceftriaxone w/ doxy)

PID pregnancy considerations

can cause infertility; early Tx is important

UTI cause

bacteria (usually E. coli)

UTI diagnostics

urinalysis - infection signs urine culture - specific bacteria

UTI symptoms

frequent urination burning during urination lower abdominal pain

UTI transmission

Not contagious

UTI medications

Common antibiotics like trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole

UTI pregnancy considerations

higher risk for UTIs in pregnant individuals

What is the medication for babies with conjunctivitis?

Erythromycin

how many days after contact with Hep B can you have the vaccine be effective?

14 days