Exam 1 - Anat & Phys in Preg Flashcards
Exam 1
The bluish purple hue of the cervix is referred to as what?
Chadwick’s sign
Softening of the cervix
Goodell’s sign
Both Chadwick’s and Goodell’s signs are ____ signs of pregnancy
probable
What plants on top of the cervix and provides an immune barrier?
Mucus plug
Leukorrhea
increased vaginal discharge
The corpus luteum helps until the placenta is developed in which weeks?
The first 6-7 weeks
Pre-pregnancy, the uterus is the size of a ____
fist / pear
at week 12, the uterus sits where?
above the symphysis pubis
at week 16, the uterus sits where?
midway between symphysis pubis and umbilicus
at week 20, the uterus sits where?
at the umbilicus / belly button
at week 36, the uterus sits where?
xiphoid process
at week 40, what happens to the uterus?
the fetal head descends and the uterine level sinks (to prepare for birth)
Sporadic contractions and relaxation of the uterine muscle
Braxton Hicks contractions
Why is fundal height important?
A way of tracking growth and knowing when to intervene
at 30 weeks, what is the typical fundal height?
30 cm
Estrogen helps with growth of _____ in the breasts
mammary ductal tissue
Progesterone helps with growth of _____ in the breasts
lobes, lobules, and alveoli
The breasts change to prepare for _____.
Lactation
Pores that surround the areola
Tubercles of Montgomery
What is the purpose of Tubercles of Montgomery?
allow babies to smell and detect where to go for milk / lactation
Colostrum
rich substance that precedes normal breast milk
Hemodilution can lead to what?
physiologic anemia
physiologic anemia
dilution that results in anemia
What change in BP is common during pregnancy?
Lower BP / hypotension
Which hormones are responsible for decreased systemic vascular resistance?
Relaxin and progestin
Why should you not lie on your back when pregnant?
As baby gets bigger, it will compress on the superior vena cava and disrupt blood flow to Mom and Baby
Which hormone can lead to nosebleeds and why?
Estrogen; increased blood flow and dry air
Hyperemia
increased blood flow of tissues
Ptyalism
increased salivation
Pyrosis
heartburn
Which hormone causes constipation and why?
Progesterone b/c of decreased GI tone and motility
GFR increases by ____ by the 2nd trimester
50%
Increased skin pigmentation is caused by increased ____ and ____.
estrogen, progesterone
Cholasma / melasma
darkening of the skin
darkened line down the middle of the stomach
Linea nigra
stretch marks d/t pregnancy
striae gravidarum
Spider angiomas and palmar erythema can be attributed to which hormone?
Estrogen
persistent redness of the palm of the hands
palmar erythema
jutting of the abdomen out and curvature of the back
lordosis
abdominal muscles stretch and separate
diastasis recti
Why is carpal tunnel syndrome sometimes experienced in pregnancy?
Extra fluid can settle anywhere and pinch nerves
____ is the drug typically given for nausea
Zofran
an OTC option for nausea is what?
Vitamin B6 and Unisom
Which hormone maintains the corpus luteum production of estrogen and progesterone until the placenta takes over the function?
Human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG)
Which hormone decreases maternal metabolism of glucose and acts as a growth hormone?
Human placental lactogen (hPL)
