Exam 1 - Contraception & Family Planning Flashcards
When choosing a method of birth control, _____ outweighs reliability.
Consistency
Name the 6 main “buckets” of birth control
(1) Combination hormonal
(2) Progesterone only
(3) Non-hormonal
(4) Emergency
(5) Natural family planning
(6) Permanent
Name the 3 types of combined hormonal contraception (CHC)
(1) Pill
(2) Ortho Evra patch
(3) NuvaRing
What are the contraindications for CHC? Name at least 3
(1) Hx of blood clots
(2) Migraine with aura
(3) Breastfeeding
(4) HTN
(5) Smoking
(6) current breast disease
(7) Cirrhosis
(8) Diabetes with neuropathy
The acronym ACHES is to assess blood clots with CHCs. What does ACHES stand for?
A = abdominal pain
C = chest pain / SOB
H = headaches
E = eyesight changes
S = severe leg pain
BC pills - how it prevents pregnancy
Prevents ovulation
Thickens cervical mucus
Thins uterine lining
BC pills - how to use
Take one pill daily at the same time; 21-day pack followed by 7-day break
BC pills - Impact on menstrual cycle
can regulate or lighten period; may eliminate
BC pills - other important things to know
(1) side effects
(2) effectiveness can be reduced by certain meds
(3) may improve acne
BC patch (Ortho Evra) - how it prevents pregnancy
Releases hormones though skin to prevent ovulation
BC patch (Ortho Evra) - how to use
Apply a patch each week; change weekly for 3 weeks; then have a patch-free week
BC patch (Ortho Evra) - impact on menstrual cycle
Can regulate or lighten periods
BC patch (Ortho Evra) - other imp things to know
Can be visible
Can cause skin irritation
NuvaRing - how it prevents pregnancy
releases hormones to prevent ovulation
NuvaRing - how to use
Insert ring into vagina and leave for 3 weeks; remove for 1 week
NuvaRing - impact on menstrual cycle
can lighten periods and alleviate menstrual symptoms
NuvaRing - other imp things to know
(1) Can cause vaginal irritation or discharge
(2) can be left in during intercourse
Depo-Provera Shot - how it prevents pregnancy
Stops ovulation
thickens cervical mucus
Depo-Provera Shot - how to use
IM injection every 12 weeks
typically in upper arm
Can the Depo-Provera Shot be given in any other location besides the arm?
Yes
Depo-Provera Shot - impact on menstrual cycle
Periods may become irregular or stop
Depo-Provera Shot - other imp things to know
(1) Weight gain, headaches, mood changes;
(2) Return to fertility can take ~6+ months
(3) LT use may decrease bone density
Progestin Only / Mini Pill - how it prevents pregnancy
Stops ovulation
Thickens cervical mucus to block sperm
Progestin Only / Mini Pill - how to use
Take one pill at the same time every day without breaks
If you miss a Progestin Only / Mini Pill by more than 3 hours, what should you do?
Use backup contraception for at least 48 hours
Progestin Only / Mini Pill - impact on menstrual cycle
Irregular periods
Lighter periods
May stop period
Progestin Only / Mini Pill - other imp things to know
Mini pills are MUCH more sensitive so using them perfectly is important for effectiveness
Nexplanon - how it prevents pregnancy
releases hormones to prevent ovulation
Nexplanon - how to use it
small rod is inserted under the skin of the upper arm (under bicep)
Nexplanon - impact on menstrual cycle
irregular bleeding or periods
Nexplanon - other imp things to know
Lasts up to 5 years
Removal requires healthcare provider
Hormonal IUDs - how it prevents pregnancy
Releases hormones to prevent ovulation
Thickens cervical mucus
Hormonal IUDs - how to use it
inserted by healthcare provider;
Mirena = 8 years
Kyleena = 5 years
Skyla = 3 years
Hormonal IUDs - impact on menstrual cycle
may lighten periods or eliminate them
Hormonal IUDs - other important things to know
(1) Cramping or irregular bleeding initially
(2) PID at insertion
(3) risk for ectopic pregnancy
Paragard IUD (Copper) - how it prevents pregnancy
Copper is toxic to sperm
Paragard IUD (Copper) - how to use it
Inserted into uterus
Lasts up to 12 years
Paragard IUD (Copper) - impact on menstrual cycle
can cause heavier periods
more cramping
Paragard IUD (Copper) - other imp things to know
may be used as emergency contraception if inserted w/in 5 days after unprotected sex
Diaphragm - how it prevents pregnancy
barrier that covers the cervix to block the sperm
Diaphragm - how to use
Insert with spermicide before intercourse; leave in for 6-8 hours after
Diaphragm - other imp things ot know
(1) Requires fitting by healthcare provider
(2) Use with spermicide
Cervical cap - how it prevents pregnancy
blocks sperm from entering uterus
Cervical cap - how to use
Insert with spermicide before intercourse; can be left in for up to 48 hours after
Cervical cap - other imp things to know
(1) Requires fitting by a healthcare provider
(2) needs to be used with spermicide
Sponge - how it prevents pregnancy
Kills sperm to prevent fertilization
Spermicide - how to use it
Place in vagina before intercourse; can be used alone or with barrier methods
Spermicide - other imp things to know
Available in various forms (gels, foams, films)
Phexxi (Vaginal Gel) - how it prevents pregnancy
maintains vaginal pH to prevent sperm from moving and fertilizing egg
Phexxi (Vaginal Gel) - how to use
apply before intercourse; can be used up to 1 hr prior
Phexxi (Vaginal Gel) - other imp things to know
must be used at same time of intercourse; does not protect against STIs
Condoms - how it prevents pregnancy
creates a barrier
Condoms - how to use
Roll condom over erect penis before genital contact
Use a new condom for each act of intercourse
Condoms - impacts on menstrual cycle
NA
Condoms - other imp things to know
Helps protect against STIs
Check expiration date!
Abstinence - how it prevents pregnancy
involves refraining from sexual activity that can lead to pregnancy
Abstinence - how to use
No sexual intercourse or genital contact
Abstinence - impact on menstrual cycle
No direct impact
Abstinence - other imp things ot know
100% effective in preventing pregnancy and STIs
Fertility Awareness Method (FAM) - how it prevents pregnancy
Track menstrual cycle to identify fertile and infertile days; avoid intercourse during fertile times
Fertility Awareness Method (FAM) - how to use
Monitor basal body temp, cervical mucus, and menstrual cycle length to predict ovulation
Fertility Awareness Method (FAM) - impact on menstrual cycle
Helps individual understand their cycle; no alteration
Fertility Awareness Method (FAM) - other imp things to know
Requires careful tracking and consistency; effectiveness varies by adherence and individual cycles
Lactation Amenorrhea Method (LAM) - how it prevents pregnancy
relies on exclusive breastfeeding to suppress ovulation and prevent pregnancy
Lactation Amenorrhea Method (LAM) - how to use
breastfeed exclusively (no formula or solid foods) for at least 6 months postpartum
Lactation Amenorrhea Method (LAM) - impact on menstrual cycle
delays return of menstruation
Lactation Amenorrhea Method (LAM) - other imp things to know
(1) effective for up to 6 months postpartum as long as breastfeeding EXCLUSIVELY
(2) not a guarantee against pregnancy once menstruation returns
(3) varies by individual
Plan B & Ella - how they prevent pregnancy
Plan B: preventing / delaying ovulation
Ella: preventing / delaying ovulation, but works even closer to time of ovulation
Plan B & Ella - side effects
nausea, fatigue, headache, changes / irregular menstrual cycle
Which emergency contraception method has more persistent side effects?
Ella
Which emergency contraception is available OTC?
Plan B
Which emergency contraception method requires a prescription?
Ella
Emergency contraception has an ____ reduction in pregnancy
~89%
Both permanent birth control methods have a _____ effectiveness rate
99%
Permanent methods of birth control are not suitable for who?
Individuals who may want to have children in the future
Use of _____ can decrease bone density if used for 2+ years
Depo Provera Shot
_____ is more effective emergency contraception for higher-weight individuals.
Ella
Emergency contraception is most effective when taken within ___ hours but can still be used up to ___ hours after intercourse
72; 120
