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5032 - OB/Peds > Exam 1 - Contraception & Family Planning > Flashcards

Exam 1 - Contraception & Family Planning Flashcards

1
Q

When choosing a method of birth control, _____ outweighs reliability.

A

Consistency

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2
Q

Name the 6 main “buckets” of birth control

A

(1) Combination hormonal
(2) Progesterone only
(3) Non-hormonal
(4) Emergency
(5) Natural family planning
(6) Permanent

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3
Q

Name the 3 types of combined hormonal contraception (CHC)

A

(1) Pill
(2) Ortho Evra patch
(3) NuvaRing

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4
Q

What are the contraindications for CHC? Name at least 3

A

(1) Hx of blood clots
(2) Migraine with aura
(3) Breastfeeding
(4) HTN
(5) Smoking
(6) current breast disease
(7) Cirrhosis
(8) Diabetes with neuropathy

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5
Q

The acronym ACHES is to assess blood clots with CHCs. What does ACHES stand for?

A

A = abdominal pain
C = chest pain / SOB
H = headaches
E = eyesight changes
S = severe leg pain

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6
Q

BC pills - how it prevents pregnancy

A

Prevents ovulation
Thickens cervical mucus
Thins uterine lining

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7
Q

BC pills - how to use

A

Take one pill daily at the same time; 21-day pack followed by 7-day break

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8
Q

BC pills - Impact on menstrual cycle

A

can regulate or lighten period; may eliminate

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9
Q

BC pills - other important things to know

A

(1) side effects
(2) effectiveness can be reduced by certain meds
(3) may improve acne

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10
Q

BC patch (Ortho Evra) - how it prevents pregnancy

A

Releases hormones though skin to prevent ovulation

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11
Q

BC patch (Ortho Evra) - how to use

A

Apply a patch each week; change weekly for 3 weeks; then have a patch-free week

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12
Q

BC patch (Ortho Evra) - impact on menstrual cycle

A

Can regulate or lighten periods

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13
Q

BC patch (Ortho Evra) - other imp things to know

A

Can be visible
Can cause skin irritation

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14
Q

NuvaRing - how it prevents pregnancy

A

releases hormones to prevent ovulation

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15
Q

NuvaRing - how to use

A

Insert ring into vagina and leave for 3 weeks; remove for 1 week

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16
Q

NuvaRing - impact on menstrual cycle

A

can lighten periods and alleviate menstrual symptoms

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17
Q

NuvaRing - other imp things to know

A

(1) Can cause vaginal irritation or discharge
(2) can be left in during intercourse

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18
Q

Depo-Provera Shot - how it prevents pregnancy

A

Stops ovulation
thickens cervical mucus

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19
Q

Depo-Provera Shot - how to use

A

IM injection every 12 weeks
typically in upper arm

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20
Q

Can the Depo-Provera Shot be given in any other location besides the arm?

A

Yes

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21
Q

Depo-Provera Shot - impact on menstrual cycle

A

Periods may become irregular or stop

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22
Q

Depo-Provera Shot - other imp things to know

A

(1) Weight gain, headaches, mood changes;
(2) Return to fertility can take ~6+ months
(3) LT use may decrease bone density

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23
Q

Progestin Only / Mini Pill - how it prevents pregnancy

A

Stops ovulation
Thickens cervical mucus to block sperm

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24
Q

Progestin Only / Mini Pill - how to use

A

Take one pill at the same time every day without breaks

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25
Q

If you miss a Progestin Only / Mini Pill by more than 3 hours, what should you do?

A

Use backup contraception for at least 48 hours

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26
Q

Progestin Only / Mini Pill - impact on menstrual cycle

A

Irregular periods
Lighter periods
May stop period

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27
Q

Progestin Only / Mini Pill - other imp things to know

A

Mini pills are MUCH more sensitive so using them perfectly is important for effectiveness

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28
Q

Nexplanon - how it prevents pregnancy

A

releases hormones to prevent ovulation

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29
Q

Nexplanon - how to use it

A

small rod is inserted under the skin of the upper arm (under bicep)

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30
Q

Nexplanon - impact on menstrual cycle

A

irregular bleeding or periods

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31
Q

Nexplanon - other imp things to know

A

Lasts up to 5 years
Removal requires healthcare provider

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32
Q

Hormonal IUDs - how it prevents pregnancy

A

Releases hormones to prevent ovulation

Thickens cervical mucus

33
Q

Hormonal IUDs - how to use it

A

inserted by healthcare provider;
Mirena = 8 years
Kyleena = 5 years
Skyla = 3 years

34
Q

Hormonal IUDs - impact on menstrual cycle

A

may lighten periods or eliminate them

35
Q

Hormonal IUDs - other important things to know

A

(1) Cramping or irregular bleeding initially
(2) PID at insertion
(3) risk for ectopic pregnancy

36
Q

Paragard IUD (Copper) - how it prevents pregnancy

A

Copper is toxic to sperm

37
Q

Paragard IUD (Copper) - how to use it

A

Inserted into uterus
Lasts up to 12 years

38
Q

Paragard IUD (Copper) - impact on menstrual cycle

A

can cause heavier periods
more cramping

39
Q

Paragard IUD (Copper) - other imp things to know

A

may be used as emergency contraception if inserted w/in 5 days after unprotected sex

40
Q

Diaphragm - how it prevents pregnancy

A

barrier that covers the cervix to block the sperm

41
Q

Diaphragm - how to use

A

Insert with spermicide before intercourse; leave in for 6-8 hours after

42
Q

Diaphragm - other imp things ot know

A

(1) Requires fitting by healthcare provider
(2) Use with spermicide

43
Q

Cervical cap - how it prevents pregnancy

A

blocks sperm from entering uterus

44
Q

Cervical cap - how to use

A

Insert with spermicide before intercourse; can be left in for up to 48 hours after

45
Q

Cervical cap - other imp things to know

A

(1) Requires fitting by a healthcare provider
(2) needs to be used with spermicide

46
Q

Sponge - how it prevents pregnancy

A

Kills sperm to prevent fertilization

47
Q

Spermicide - how to use it

A

Place in vagina before intercourse; can be used alone or with barrier methods

48
Q

Spermicide - other imp things to know

A

Available in various forms (gels, foams, films)

49
Q

Phexxi (Vaginal Gel) - how it prevents pregnancy

A

maintains vaginal pH to prevent sperm from moving and fertilizing egg

50
Q

Phexxi (Vaginal Gel) - how to use

A

apply before intercourse; can be used up to 1 hr prior

51
Q

Phexxi (Vaginal Gel) - other imp things to know

A

must be used at same time of intercourse; does not protect against STIs

52
Q

Condoms - how it prevents pregnancy

A

creates a barrier

53
Q

Condoms - how to use

A

Roll condom over erect penis before genital contact

Use a new condom for each act of intercourse

54
Q

Condoms - impacts on menstrual cycle

A

NA

55
Q

Condoms - other imp things to know

A

Helps protect against STIs
Check expiration date!

56
Q

Abstinence - how it prevents pregnancy

A

involves refraining from sexual activity that can lead to pregnancy

57
Q

Abstinence - how to use

A

No sexual intercourse or genital contact

58
Q

Abstinence - impact on menstrual cycle

A

No direct impact

59
Q

Abstinence - other imp things ot know

A

100% effective in preventing pregnancy and STIs

60
Q

Fertility Awareness Method (FAM) - how it prevents pregnancy

A

Track menstrual cycle to identify fertile and infertile days; avoid intercourse during fertile times

61
Q

Fertility Awareness Method (FAM) - how to use

A

Monitor basal body temp, cervical mucus, and menstrual cycle length to predict ovulation

62
Q

Fertility Awareness Method (FAM) - impact on menstrual cycle

A

Helps individual understand their cycle; no alteration

63
Q

Fertility Awareness Method (FAM) - other imp things to know

A

Requires careful tracking and consistency; effectiveness varies by adherence and individual cycles

64
Q

Lactation Amenorrhea Method (LAM) - how it prevents pregnancy

A

relies on exclusive breastfeeding to suppress ovulation and prevent pregnancy

65
Q

Lactation Amenorrhea Method (LAM) - how to use

A

breastfeed exclusively (no formula or solid foods) for at least 6 months postpartum

66
Q

Lactation Amenorrhea Method (LAM) - impact on menstrual cycle

A

delays return of menstruation

67
Q

Lactation Amenorrhea Method (LAM) - other imp things to know

A

(1) effective for up to 6 months postpartum as long as breastfeeding EXCLUSIVELY
(2) not a guarantee against pregnancy once menstruation returns
(3) varies by individual

68
Q

Plan B & Ella - how they prevent pregnancy

A

Plan B: preventing / delaying ovulation

Ella: preventing / delaying ovulation, but works even closer to time of ovulation

69
Q

Plan B & Ella - side effects

A

nausea, fatigue, headache, changes / irregular menstrual cycle

70
Q

Which emergency contraception method has more persistent side effects?

A

Ella

71
Q

Which emergency contraception is available OTC?

A

Plan B

72
Q

Which emergency contraception method requires a prescription?

A

Ella

73
Q

Emergency contraception has an ____ reduction in pregnancy

A

~89%

74
Q

Both permanent birth control methods have a _____ effectiveness rate

A

99%

75
Q

Permanent methods of birth control are not suitable for who?

A

Individuals who may want to have children in the future

76
Q

Use of _____ can decrease bone density if used for 2+ years

A

Depo Provera Shot

77
Q

_____ is more effective emergency contraception for higher-weight individuals.

A

Ella

78
Q

Emergency contraception is most effective when taken within ___ hours but can still be used up to ___ hours after intercourse

A

72; 120

5032 - OB/Peds (15 decks)

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