Exam 1 - Conception and Fetal Development Flashcards
Exam 1
Name the 3 phases of the ovarian cycle
follicular, ovulation, luteal
Name the 3 phases of the uterine cycle
Menses, proliferative, secretory
What hormone stimulates the maturation of several follicles?
FSH
Ovulation is associated with a surge in what?
LH
Define ovulation
release of an egg from the ovary
The corpus luteum secretes what hormone?
Progesterone
If pregnancy does not occur, what happens to estrogen and progesterone levels?
They drop
Menses
shedding of the uterine lining
Proliferative phase
buildup of thick inner lining to prepare for implantation of the fertilized egg
Secretory phase
Further prepares the endometrium by making it more glandular and vascular
What happens during the follicular phase?
FSH stimulates follicle growth;
Dominant follicle to be released at ovulation
What happens during the luteal phase?
Empty follicle becomes corpus luteum;
Corpus luteum secretes progesterone;
Progesterone helps prepare uterine lining for pregnancy
Embryonic period
Beginning of the 3rd week until 8th week after conception
What are the 3 layers that the embryonic disc develops into?
Ectoderm
Mesoderm
Endoderm
During week 4, the embryo is the size of a _____
poppy seed
During week 5, the embryo is the size of a _____
apple seed
During week 6, the embryo is the size of a _____
sweet pea
During week 7, the embryo is the size of a _____
blueberry
During week 8, the embryo is the size of a _____
Raspberry
In which week does the neural plate develop?
Week 3
Fetal period
9 weeks until birth
Dating a pregnancy and describing how far along it is based on LMP / conception
Gestational Age
start of feeling fetal movement
Quickening
Helps maintain the fetus’ body temperature
Brown fat
Fine, soft hair, especially that which covers the body and limbs of a human fetus or newborn
Lanugo
A white, creamy, naturally occurring biofilm covering the skin of the fetus during the last trimester of pregnancy
Vernix caseosa
lipoprotein complex that lines the alveoli and decreases the surface tension to prevent lung atelectasis
Surfactant
Around what week should you feel the body moving? (Rule of thumb)
20 weeks
________ covers fetal body to help the vernix adhere to the skin
Lanugo
_______ helps neonate maintain temperature stability after birth
Brown fat
What is the typical gestational age of viability? What age can this vary to?
24 weeks;
22 weeks
At what gestational age does the fetus’ eyes close? When do they reopen?
Week 9;
Week 26
What are the 4 major functions of the placenta?
(1) Produce hormones for pregnancy maintenance
(2) Transports substances b/w maternal and fetal circulation
(3) Metabolizes and synthesizes agents for sustaining pregnancy
(4) Provides immunologic barrier b/w maternal and fetal systems
The 3 main placental hormones are…
hCG, Estrogen, and Progesterone
Which hormone maintains the endometrial layer for implantation of the fertilized ovum?
Progesterone
A _____ insertion of the umbilical cord poses risk
Velamentous
What surrounds the umbilical cord and is a gelatinous collagen?
Wharton’s jelly
The umbilical cord contains ___ arteries and ___ veins.
2, 1
The 2 umbilical arteries carry ______ blood _____ ____ the fetus.
deoxygenated, away from
The 1 umbilical vein carries ______ blood __ ___ ____ to the fetus
oxygenated, from the placenta
The inner layer of the fetal membrane is the ____.
Amnion
The outer layer of the fetal membrane is the ____.
Chorion
What is derived from the detail urine and fluid transported from the maternal blood across the amnion?
Amniotic fluid
What is the purpose of amniotic fluid?
Protect fetus, promote development
What are the 3 types of shunts?
(1) Ductus venosus
(2) Foramen ovale
(3) Ductus arteriosus
50% of oxygenated blood from the placenta bypasses the liver and enters the inferior vena cava through this shunt. Which is it?
Ductus venosus
The majority of blood passes from the right atrium into the left atrium through this shunt. Which is it?
Foramen ovale
This shunt moves blood from the pulmonary artery to the aorta. Which is it?
Ductus arteriosus
