Exam 1- Neurobiology of Schizophrenia, Mood Disorders, and Anxiety Disorder

Question 1

Positive symptoms of schizophrenia

Answer 1

frequently occur during a psychotic episode, when an individual loses touch with reality and experiences something that should be absent (hallucinations, delusions, etc.)

Question 2

frequently occur during a psychotic episode, when an individual loses touch with reality and experiences something that should be absent (hallucinations, delusions, etc.)

Answer 2

Positive symptoms of schizophrenia

Question 3

Negative symptoms are characterized by disruptions in the normal emotional states and expressions.

Answer 3

Negative symptoms of schizophrenia

Question 4

A mood disorder. Features manic episodes and at least one major depressive episode. Occurs equally in men and women. The first choice of treatment to control mania and rapid cycling and to reduce the risk of suicide is Lithium. Sometimes used in combination with SSRIs, anticonvulsants, or atypical anticonvulsants.

Treatment focuses on tx of mania

Answer 4

Bipolar I

Question 5

A mood disorder. Less severe than bipolar I. Characterized by recurrent major depressive episodes with one or more hypomanic (milder than manic) episodes. Affects more women than men. Focus of treatment is on the recurrent depressive symptoms. Often treated with antidepressants alone.

Answer 5

Bipolar II

Question 6

This is a side effect of some first-generation antipsychotic drugs like haloperidol and chlorpromazine. It resembles parkinson disease. It is characterized by tic-like jerky movements, such as smacking the lips or flicking the tongue, unsteady gait, or rocking back and forth when seated. Other side effects may include sedation, hypotension, akathisia (motor restlessness), constipation, weight gain, amenorrhea, and, less frequently, hepatotoxicity and ECG changes.

Answer 6

Tardive Dyskinesia

Question 7

False belief that persists despite contradictory evidence

Answer 7

Delusion

Question 8

Lack of verbal or nonverbal expression of emotion.

Answer 8

Affective flattening

Question 9

Lack of pleasure in activities that are normally pleasurable.

Answer 9

Anhedonia

Question 10

Psychiatric d/o that involves loss of contact with reality.

Answer 10

Psychosis

Question 11

Perception that occurs in the absence of external stimuli.

Answer 11

Hallucination

Question 12

Inability to connect thoughts logically.

Answer 12

Disorganized thinking

Question 13

Psychiatric disorder involving predominant emotions that affect ability to function in society.

Arise from interplay between susceptible genes and environmental influences.

Answer 13

Mood disorder

Question 14

Inherited disease alleles show reduced penetrance, which means that individuals who have the disease genes may not manifest schizophrenia at some age.

Answer 14

Schizophrenia

Question 15

Important for function of working memory.

Hypoactive in schizophrenia

Answer 15

Dorsolateral prefrontal cortex

Question 16

Increase secretion of cortisol in depression

Answer 16

Proinflammatory cytokines

Question 17

More common in women.

Atrophy in neurons in hippocampus believed to participate in the neurobiology.

Answer 17

Depression

Question 18

Abnormally increased sensitivity to changes in pH may be underlying.

Answer 18

Panic attack disorder

Question 19

Cell bodies located in Ralph nulclei

Answer 19

Serotinergic neurons

Question 20

Cell bodies located in locus ceruleus

Answer 20

Adrenergic neurons

Question 21

Characterized by intrusive thoughts after exposure to a life-threatening or traumatic event and involves increased neuronal activity in the amygdala and decreased neural activity in the prefrontal cortex.

Answer 21

PTSD

Question 22

Characterized by repetitive intrusive thoughts and compulsive behaviors.

Answer 22

OCD

Question 23

Binds to adrenergic receptors

Answer 23

Norepinephrine

Question 24

Binds to 5HT1a receptors

Answer 24

Serotonin

Question 25

Negative symptoms of schizophrenia

Answer 25

Negative symptoms are characterized by disruptions in the normal emotional states and expressions.

Question 26

Bipolar I

Answer 26

A mood disorder. Features manic episodes and at least one major depressive episode. Occurs equally in men and women. The first choice of treatment to control mania and rapid cycling and to reduce the risk of suicide is Lithium. Sometimes used in combination with SSRIs, anticonvulsants, or atypical anticonvulsants. Treatment focuses on tx of mania

Question 27

Bipolar II

Answer 27

A mood disorder. Less severe than bipolar I. Characterized by recurrent major depressive episodes with one or more hypomanic (milder than manic) episodes. Affects more women than men. Focus of treatment is on the recurrent depressive symptoms. Often treated with antidepressants alone.

Question 28

Tardive Dyskinesia

Answer 28

This is a side effect of some first-generation antipsychotic drugs like haloperidol and chlorpromazine. It resembles parkinson disease. It is characterized by tic-like jerky movements, such as smacking the lips or flicking the tongue, unsteady gait, or rocking back and forth when seated. Other side effects may include sedation, hypotension, akathisia (motor restlessness), constipation, weight gain, amenorrhea, and, less frequently, hepatotoxicity and ECG changes.

Question 29

Delusion

Answer 29

False belief that persists despite contradictory evidence

Question 30

Affective flattening

Answer 30

Lack of verbal or nonverbal expression of emotion.

Question 31

Anhedonia

Answer 31

Lack of pleasure in activities that are normally pleasurable.

Question 32

Psychosis

Answer 32

Psychiatric d/o that involves loss of contact with reality.

Question 33

Hallucination

Answer 33

Perception that occurs in the absence of external stimuli.

Question 34

Disorganized thinking

Answer 34

Inability to connect thoughts logically.

Question 35

Mood disorder

Answer 35

Psychiatric disorder involving predominant emotions that affect ability to function in society. Arise from interplay between susceptible genes and environmental influences.

Question 36

Schizophrenia

Answer 36

Inherited disease alleles show reduced penetrance, which means that individuals who have the disease genes may not manifest schizophrenia at some age.

Question 37

Dorsolateral prefrontal cortex

Answer 37

Important for function of working memory. Hypoactive in schizophrenia

Question 38

Proinflammatory cytokines

Answer 38

Increase secretion of cortisol in depression

Question 39

Depression

Answer 39

More common in women. Atrophy in neurons in hippocampus believed to participate in the neurobiology.

Question 40

Panic attack disorder

Answer 40

Abnormally increased sensitivity to changes in pH may be underlying.

Question 41

Serotinergic neurons

Answer 41

Cell bodies located in Ralph nulclei

Question 42

Adrenergic neurons

Answer 42

Cell bodies located in locus ceruleus

Question 43

PTSD

Answer 43

Characterized by intrusive thoughts after exposure to a life-threatening or traumatic event and involves increased neuronal activity in the amygdala and decreased neural activity in the prefrontal cortex.

Question 44

OCD

Answer 44

Characterized by repetitive intrusive thoughts and compulsive behaviors.

Question 45

Norepinephrine

Answer 45

Binds to adrenergic receptors

Question 46

Serotonin

Answer 46

Binds to 5HT1a receptors