Exam 1- Epigenetics And Disease

Question 1

Histone

Answer 1

Protein around which DNA winds

Question 2

Protein around which DNA winds

Answer 2

Histone

Question 3

Process of making mRNA from a section of DNA.

Answer 3

Transcription

Question 4

DNA wrapped around histones (proteins) to give it structure inside the nucleus.

Answer 4

Chromatin

Question 5

A long structure of DNA

Answer 5

Chromosome

Question 6

Section of DNA that carries the code for a protein or noncoding rna

Answer 6

Gene

Question 7

The study of how your behaviors and environment can cause changes that affect the way your genes work

Can cause people with the same DNA to have different disease profiles. As twins age, they show increasing differences in methylation patterns of their DNA sequences, causing increasing numbers of phenotypic differences.

Answer 7

Epigenetics

Question 8

Seen in miRNA genes that bind to the ends of mRNAs, degrading them and preventing their translation. When they are methylated, their mRNA targets are over-expressed, which has been associated with metastasis.

Answer 8

Hypermethylation

Question 9

A type of epigenetic modification. A methyl group attaches to the cytosine base followed by a guinine base. Causes the gene to be transcriptionally inactive or silent. Aberrant methylation can lead to silencing if tumor-repressing genes in the development of cancer.

A gene with methylation on its promoter region is less likely to be transcribed into mRNA

Answer 9

DNA methylation

Question 10

Transcription

Answer 10

Process of making mRNA from a section of DNA.

Question 11

A transcriptionally silenced gene from one parent or the other.

Genomic imprinting is a process of silencing genes through DNA methylation. The repressed allele is methylated, while the active allele is unmethylated. This stamping process, called methylation, is a chemical reaction that attaches small molecules called methyl groups to certain segments of DNA [3].

Ex: Prader-Willi syndrome

Answer 11

Imprinting

Question 12

MiRNAs that stimulate development and progression of cancer.

Answer 12

Oncomirs

Question 13

Necessary to maintain function of all types of cells and normally remain transcriptionally active

Answer 13

Housekeeping genes

Question 14

Chromatin

Answer 14

DNA wrapped around histones (proteins) to give it structure inside the nucleus.

Question 15

Chromosome

Answer 15

A long structure of DNA

Question 16

Gene

Answer 16

Section of DNA that carries the code for a protein or noncoding rna

Question 17

Epigenetics

Answer 17

The study of how your behaviors and environment can cause changes that affect the way your genes work

Can cause people with the same DNA to have different disease profiles. As twins age, they show increasing differences in methylation patterns of their DNA sequences, causing increasing numbers of phenotypic differences.

Question 18

Hypermethylation

Answer 18

Seen in miRNA genes that bind to the ends of mRNAs, degrading them and preventing their translation. When they are methylated, their mRNA targets are over-expressed, which has been associated with metastasis.

Question 19

DNA methylation

Answer 19

A type of epigenetic modification. A methyl group attaches to the cytosine base followed by a guinine base. Causes the gene to be transcriptionally inactive or silent. Aberrant methylation can lead to silencing if tumor-repressing genes in the development of cancer.

A gene with methylation on its promoter region is less likely to be transcribed into mRNA

Question 20

Embryonic stem cells

Answer 20

All cells in the embryo have the potential to become any type of cell in the fetus or adult. All cells have the same DNA sequence, but the transcriptional activity varies substantially. Epigenetic modification helps to determine the fate of each cell

Question 21

All cells in the embryo have the potential to become any type of cell in the fetus or adult. All cells have the same DNA sequence, but the transcriptional activity varies substantially. Epigenetic modification helps to determine the fate of each cell

Answer 21

Embryonic stem cells

Question 22

Imprinting

Answer 22

A transcriptionally silenced gene from one parent or the other.

Ex: Prader-Willi syndrome

Question 23

Oncomirs

Answer 23

MiRNAs that stimulate development and progression of cancer.

Question 24

Housekeeping genes

Answer 24

Necessary to maintain function of all types of cells and normally remain transcriptionally active