Exam 1- Genes, Environment-lifestyle, And Common Diseases

Question 1

Congenital

Answer 1

Present at birth but not inherited

Question 2

Present at birth but not inherited

Answer 2

Congenital

Question 3

Variation is caused by combined effects of multiple genes

Answer 3

Polygenic

Question 4

Not shared by both members of a twin pair

Answer 4

Discordant trait

Question 5

Variation is caused by combined effects of multiple genes.

Occurrence can change greatly from one population to another.

Recurrence (empirical?) risk is higher if more than one family member is affected and if the disease is more severe in the proband.

Many factors that can be measured numerically (like BP and CAD)

Answer 5

Multifactorial

Question 6

Shared by both members of a twin pair.

Answer 6

Concordant trait

Question 7

Proportion of a population affected at a specific point in time.

Answer 7

Prevalence rate

Question 8

Polygenic

Answer 8

Variation is caused by combined effects of multiple genes

Question 9

Proband

Answer 9

An individual with who a pedigree begins

Question 10

Identical twins

Answer 10

Monozygotic twins

Question 11

If rates are high/ the same between monozygotic and dizygotic twins, genetics is less likely to play a role. If different, most likely genetically linked.

Answer 11

Concordance rates

Question 12

Inherited and transmitted through the generations.

Answer 12

Genetically inherited disease

Question 13

Common measure of the effect of a specific risk factor. Expressed as a ratio of the incidence rate among individuals exposed to a risk factor divided by the incidence of the disease among people not exposed.

Answer 13

Relative risk

Question 14

An individual with who a pedigree begins

Answer 14

Proband

Question 15

Discordant trait

Answer 15

Not shared by both members of a twin pair

Question 16

Multifactorial

Answer 16

Variation is caused by combined effects of multiple genes.

Occurrence can change greatly from one population to another.

Recurrence (empirical?) risk is higher if more than one family member is affected and if the disease is more severe in the proband.

Many factors that can be measured numerically (like BP and CAD)

Question 17

Concordant trait

Answer 17

Shared by both members of a twin pair.

Question 18

Prevalence rate

Answer 18

Proportion of a population affected at a specific point in time.

Question 19

New cases in a year divided by the population

Answer 19

Incidence rate

Question 20

Proband

Answer 20

An individual with who a pedigree begins

Question 21

Monozygotic twins

Answer 21

Identical twins

Question 22

Concordance rates

Answer 22

If rates are high/ the same between monozygotic and dizygotic twins, genetics is less likely to play a role. If different, most likely genetically linked.

Question 23

Genetically inherited disease

Answer 23

Inherited and transmitted through the generations.

Question 24

Relative risk

Answer 24

Common measure of the effect of a specific risk factor. Expressed as a ratio of the incidence rate among individuals exposed to a risk factor divided by the incidence of the disease among people not exposed.