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Alevel Chemistry AQA > Esters > Flashcards

Esters Flashcards

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1
Q

What test can be used for carboxylic acids?

A

Add carbonate if present carbon dioxide will form, forming bubbles.

Eg.
2CH3COOH +Na2CO3–> 2CH3COONa + CO2 + H2O

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2
Q

Are carboxylic acids soluble in water?

A

Completely soluble

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3
Q

When two carboxylic acids form hydrogen bonding between each other what do they form?

A

Forms a carboxylic acid dimer

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4
Q

How does a carboxylic acid reaction with a metal?

A

Carboxylic acid + metal—> metal salt + hydrogen

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5
Q

How do carboxylic acids react with metal oxides?

A

Carboxylic acid + metal oxide—> metal salt + water

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6
Q

How does carboxylic acid react with metal carbonates?

A

Carboxylic + metal carbonate—> metal salt + CO2 + H2O

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7
Q

What is the general formula for esters?

A

R1COOR2
R2 is a carbon atom

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8
Q

How do esters form?

A

Carboxylic acid+ alcohol—>ester + water

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9
Q

What are the two condition required to form esters?

A
  1. Strong acid catalyst/ H2SO4

2.heat

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10
Q

Example on how to name esters?

A

Ethanoic acid + propan-1-ol
Carboxylic acid takes priority so the carbons are the main chain.
Ethanoate. The rest are substituents.

Forms
Propylethanoate

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11
Q

How do you name esters?

A

Main chain is from carboxylic acid and treat the alcohol as the side chain

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12
Q

What is hydrolysis in acidic conditions?

A

When an ester reacts with water to form a carboxylic acid + alcohol

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13
Q

What are the conditions required for hydrolysis in acidic conditions?

A
  1. Strong acid catalyst
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14
Q

What is hydrolysis in alkaline conditions?

A

Ester + alkali —>salt + alcohol

Example of salt- sodium methanoate

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15
Q

Is hydrolysis under alkaline conditions reversible or non reversible?

A

Non reversible

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16
Q

Is hydrolysis in acidic conditions reversible or non reversible?

A

Reversible

17
Q

What happens to the alkali in hydrolsis in alkaline conditions?

A

It gets used up

18
Q

What is glycerol?

A

Propan-1,2,3- triol

19
Q

What kind of bonding does glycol contain?

A

Hydrogen bonding

20
Q

What type of bonding does glycerol contain?

A

Hydrogen bonding

21
Q

What is the solubility of glycerol?

A

Very soluble due to hydrogen bonding

22
Q

Give some uses of glycerol

A

Medicine
Solvent
Plasticiser
Moisturising agent( stops things from drying out)

23
Q

.

A
24
Q

.

A
25
Q

What is the general formula of an acyl chloride?

A

RCOCl

26
Q

How do we form an acyl chloride?

A

CH3COOH (l) + SOCl2(l)—> CH3COCl(l) + SO2(g) + HCl(g)

27
Q

How do we name acyl chlorides?

A

Name carbon chain and then add “anoyl chloride”

28
Q

What is the general formula for an acid anhydride?

A

RCOOCOR

29
Q

What does an acyl chlorides and water form?

A

Carboxylic acid + HCl

30
Q

What does an acid anhydride and water form?

A

2x Carboxylic acid

31
Q

What do acyl chloride react with alcohol to form?

A

Alcohol + acyl chloride—> ester + HCl

32
Q

What type of reaction is the reaction between acyl chloride + water?

A

Addition- elimination reaction

33
Q

What type of reaction is the reactoon between acyl chloride + alcohol?

A

Addition- elimination reaction

34
Q

What does an acyl chloride reacting with ammonia form?

A

Acyl chloride + ammonia—> amide + HCl

Or:
Acyl chloride + 2 ammonia —> amide + NH4Cl
(Excess ammonia required)

35
Q

What is an amide?

A

When a carbonyl group is bonded to ammonia

36
Q

What does an acyl chloride reacting with a primary amine form?

A
37
Q

What is acylation reactoons?

A

A reaction where you gain an acyl group

Alevel Chemistry AQA (27 decks)

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