Esters Flashcards
What test can be used for carboxylic acids?
Add carbonate if present carbon dioxide will form, forming bubbles.
Eg.
2CH3COOH +Na2CO3–> 2CH3COONa + CO2 + H2O
Are carboxylic acids soluble in water?
Completely soluble
When two carboxylic acids form hydrogen bonding between each other what do they form?
Forms a carboxylic acid dimer
How does a carboxylic acid reaction with a metal?
Carboxylic acid + metal—> metal salt + hydrogen
How do carboxylic acids react with metal oxides?
Carboxylic acid + metal oxide—> metal salt + water
How does carboxylic acid react with metal carbonates?
Carboxylic + metal carbonate—> metal salt + CO2 + H2O
What is the general formula for esters?
R1COOR2
R2 is a carbon atom
How do esters form?
Carboxylic acid+ alcohol—>ester + water
What are the two condition required to form esters?
- Strong acid catalyst/ H2SO4
2.heat
Example on how to name esters?
Ethanoic acid + propan-1-ol
Carboxylic acid takes priority so the carbons are the main chain.
Ethanoate. The rest are substituents.
Forms
Propylethanoate
How do you name esters?
Main chain is from carboxylic acid and treat the alcohol as the side chain
What is hydrolysis in acidic conditions?
When an ester reacts with water to form a carboxylic acid + alcohol
What are the conditions required for hydrolysis in acidic conditions?
- Strong acid catalyst
What is hydrolysis in alkaline conditions?
Ester + alkali —>salt + alcohol
Example of salt- sodium methanoate
Is hydrolysis under alkaline conditions reversible or non reversible?
Non reversible
Is hydrolysis in acidic conditions reversible or non reversible?
Reversible
What happens to the alkali in hydrolsis in alkaline conditions?
It gets used up
What is glycerol?
Propan-1,2,3- triol
What kind of bonding does glycol contain?
Hydrogen bonding
What type of bonding does glycerol contain?
Hydrogen bonding
What is the solubility of glycerol?
Very soluble due to hydrogen bonding
Give some uses of glycerol
Medicine
Solvent
Plasticiser
Moisturising agent( stops things from drying out)
.
.
What is the general formula of an acyl chloride?
RCOCl
How do we form an acyl chloride?
CH3COOH (l) + SOCl2(l)—> CH3COCl(l) + SO2(g) + HCl(g)
How do we name acyl chlorides?
Name carbon chain and then add “anoyl chloride”
What is the general formula for an acid anhydride?
RCOOCOR
What does an acyl chlorides and water form?
Carboxylic acid + HCl
What does an acid anhydride and water form?
2x Carboxylic acid
What do acyl chloride react with alcohol to form?
Alcohol + acyl chloride—> ester + HCl
What type of reaction is the reaction between acyl chloride + water?
Addition- elimination reaction
What type of reaction is the reactoon between acyl chloride + alcohol?
Addition- elimination reaction
What does an acyl chloride reacting with ammonia form?
Acyl chloride + ammonia—> amide + HCl
Or:
Acyl chloride + 2 ammonia —> amide + NH4Cl
(Excess ammonia required)
What is an amide?
When a carbonyl group is bonded to ammonia
What does an acyl chloride reacting with a primary amine form?
What is acylation reactoons?
A reaction where you gain an acyl group
