3.1.1 Atomic Structure Flashcards
What is the mass of a proton?
1
What is the mass of a neutron?
1.001
What is the mass of an electron?
0.000005
What is J.J Thomson’s discovery?
Electrons were smaller than at atom.
Came up with the plum pudding model- electrons were embedded within a positively charged ball of atoms.
What did Rutherford discover?
Atoms are mostly empty space with a core that is positively charged.
He done this by firing alpha particle at a gold foil and observing that some of the alpha particles bounced back.
What did James Chadwick discover?
The nucleus is made up of both protons and neutrons.
What is an isotope?
Different versions of the same elements with a different number of nuetrons
Define the relative atomic mass
The relative atomic mass (Ar) is the average mass of atoms of an element relative to the mass of an atom of carbon-12
How does nuclear charge vary across a period?
It increases by 1 as proton number increases
What happens to nuclear charge as we go down a group?
It increase as the number of protons increases
What is nuclear charge?
The collective charge of all protons in a nucleus.
As the electrons distance from the nucleus increases____
The forces it experiences decreases
Across a period, the distance between the nucleus and the outer electrons_____
Decreases, this is because the nuclear charge increases so it pulls the shells towards the nucleus
As we move down a group, the distance between the nucleus and the outer electrons______
Increase as the outer electrons are in a different shell.
What is shielding?
Each electrons shields some of the nuclear charge from the other electrons. An electron closer to the nucleus would shield the charge of a proton