Alcohols

Question 1

What forces do alcohols have?

Answer 1

The O-H makes them have hydrogen bonding.

Question 2

what is the state of alcohol at room temperature?

Answer 2

liquids

Question 3

As the length of the carbon chain increases, the strength of van der waals forces ….

Answer 3

increases

Question 4

What alcohol are soluble in water

Answer 4

Short carbon chained alcohols

Question 5

what are primary alcohols?

Answer 5

alcohol function group is attached to one carbon

Question 6

what is a secondary alcohol?

Answer 6

an alcohol functional group connected to two carbons

Question 7

what are tertiary alcohols?

Answer 7

an alcohol functional group attached to three carbon atoms.

Question 8

What is a diol?

Answer 8

a alkane with two alcohol functional groups.

Question 9

how do you name diols?

Answer 9

example hexan-2,2-diol

Question 10

What forces do ketones experience?

Answer 10

Van der waals forces
Dipole dipole forces due to C-O bond

Question 11

What forces do aldehydes experience?

Answer 11

Van der waals forces
Dipole dipole forces due to C-O bond

Question 12

What forces do carboxylic acids experience?

Answer 12

Van der waals forces
Dipole dipole forces
And hydrogen bonding

Question 13

Are carbonyl compounds polar or non polar molecules?

Answer 13

polar

Question 14

what is the solubility of carbonyl compounds?

Answer 14

small chained carbonyl compounds are highly soluble.

Question 15

Which carbonyl compound is the most soluable?

Answer 15

carboxylic acids.

Question 16

What does oxidation mean in organic chemistry?

Answer 16

Whenever a carbon forms a bond with a more electronegative element

Question 17

What are primary alcohol oxidised too?

Answer 17

Primary alcohols are oxidised to aldehydes

Question 18

What can the aldehydes be oxidised to?

Answer 18

Aldehydes to carboxylic acids

Question 19

What are secondary alcohol oxidised too?

Answer 19

Secondary alcohols —-> ketones

Question 20

What are tertiary alcohol oxidised to?

Answer 20

Cannot be oxidised

Question 21

What is used to oxidise alcohols?

Answer 21

Acidified dichromate—-> K2Cr2O7

Question 22

If oxidation occur what colour does the reaction change?

Answer 22

It goes from orange to green

Question 23

To make ketones from secondary alcohols what do you do?

Answer 23

Add excess acidified dichromate. And heat under reflux. Once the reaction has finished use distillation to separate the mixtures.

Question 24

What do you do to produce an aldehyde?

Answer 24

Simple distillation.As aldehydes have a lower boiling point then alcohol, it boils and makes a gas and is collected

Question 25

How do we distinguish between primary secondary and tertiary alcohols?

Answer 25

1.Heat the mixture
2. Add acidified dichromate
If the mixture is orange ( tertiary) if the mixture is green (primary or secondary).

Question 26

How do we distinguish between a primary and secondary alcohol?

Answer 26

Add tollen’s reagent. If an aldehyde is present a silver mirror forms—> primary alcohol.
If ketone no change—-> secondary alcohol

Question 27

When alcohol undergo elimination reactions what do they produce?

Answer 27

An alkene and water

Question 28

What is an alcohol elimination reaction called?

Answer 28

A dehydration reaction

Question 29

What are the conditions required for a dehydration reaction?

Answer 29

Heat mixture
Concentrate acid catalyst -H2SO4 or H3PO4

Question 30

When an alkene reacts with water it forms?

Answer 30

An alcohol

Question 31

Forming an alcohol from an alkene and water is called what type of reaction?

Answer 31

Hydration reaction