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Alevel Chemistry AQA > Alkane > Flashcards

Alkane Flashcards

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1
Q

What are saturated hydrocarbons?

A

Only contain single carbon-carbon bonds

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2
Q

What are unsaturated hydrocarbons?

A

Contains at least one double bond or triple bond

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3
Q

What is a functional group?

A

A group of atoms in a molecule that determines the reactivity if a molecule.

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4
Q

What is a homologous series?

A

A group of compunds that have the same functional group but a different number of CH2 groups.

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5
Q

How are molecules chemically reactive in a homologous series?

A

They have similar chemical reactions.

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6
Q

What are responsible for the physical properties of a substance?

A

The intermolecular forces.

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7
Q

The longer the carbon chain, the ____
its melting/boiling point…

A

Higher

This is because there are more electrons so higher melting point.

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8
Q

What is the general formula of an alkane?

A

CnH2n+2

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9
Q

What is a structural isomer?

A

Same molecular formula but different structural formula.

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10
Q

What is a chain isomer?

A

same functional group just a smaller carbon chain.

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11
Q

What is a positional isomer?

A

Two structural isomers that have the same type of functional groups in a different position in the compound.

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12
Q

What is a functional group isomer?

A

Same molecular formula but different type of functional group

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13
Q

what are the problems with CO2(g)

A

green house gas

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14
Q

What problem is there with H2O(g)?

A

greenhouse gas

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15
Q

What problem are there with CO(g)?

A

toxic
flammable

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16
Q

What problem are there with NO(g)

A

causes acid rain
respiratory issues

17
Q

What problem are there with C(s)/soot?

A

smog

18
Q

What problem are there with SO2(g)?

A

respiratory issues
causes acid rain

19
Q

What problem are there with unburnt hydrocarbons

A

smog

20
Q

how does SO2 form acid rain?

A

SO2 (g)+ H2O—-> H2SO3(l)

21
Q

what did scientist do to reduce the amount of SO2?

A

at the top of factories there is a mesh coated with CaO with a large surface area.

SO2(g)+CaO(s)—->CaSO3(s)

22
Q

How does NO(g) form?

A

in very high temperatures

N2(g)+O2(g)—>2NO(g)
forms

23
Q

How does NO form acid rain?

A

2NO(g)+O2(g)—>2NO2(g)
4NO2(g)+O2(g)+2H2O(g)
—>4HNO3(l)

24
Q

What did scientist do to reduce C(s) going into the atmosphere?

A

A filter is put into the car and stops it from going into the atmosphere.

25
Q

What reactions occur inside a catalytic converter?

A

unburnt hydrocarbon + O2—> H2O(g)+CO(g)

2NO(g)+2CO(g)—>N2(g)+ 2CO2(g)

26
Q

What does each fraction contain?

A

alkanes of similar properties

27
Q

outline the process of fractional distillation.

A
  1. crude oil is heated in a furnace to make a vapour.
  2. the vapour passes through into the column.
    3.the column has a negative temperature gradient so the fractions are separated by boiling point.
  3. larger molecules condense near the bottom of the column.
28
Q

What is the order of fraction?

A

Going from bottom to top:
1. Bitumen
2.lubricating oil
3.diesel oil
4.kerosene
5. Petrol
6.gases

29
Q

What is cracking?

A

the process of taking longer chained carbons and breaking them into smaller more desirable carbon chains.

30
Q

What are the two types of cracking?

A

Thermal and catalytic.

31
Q

what are the conditions for thermal cracking?

A

700-1000degreess
1000KPa

32
Q

What are the products formed by thermal cracking?

A

one alkane and one more alkenes

33
Q

what are the conditions required for catalytic cracking?

A

525-700 degrees
100kPa
zeolite catalyst

34
Q

What products are formed by catalytic cracking?

A

branched alkanes
aromatic compounds
cycloalkanes

35
Q

what are the advantages of thermal crackling

A

produces alkenes which are used for plastics

36
Q

what are the disadvantages of thermal cracking?

A

expensive due to high pressures and temperatures

37
Q

what are the advantages of catalytic cracking?

A

the catalyst makes it a quicker and cheaper process

produces branched alkanes which can be used for car fuels.

38
Q

what are the disadvantages of catalytic cracking?

A

can be expensive due to zeolites needing to be repaired.

Alevel Chemistry AQA (27 decks)

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