Esophageal Tumors Flashcards
1
Q
Epidemiology of esophageal cancer
A
- 6th highest mortality
- most is SCC, after adenocarcinoma
- SCC: increased risk in males, African American and >45yrs
- adenocarcinoma: greater risk than SCC in devoloping world, whites, males, western world
2
Q
Etiology of esophageal cancer
A
- SCC: smoking, alcohol, 90%
- AC: GERD, smoking, obesity, RT, bad diet
3
Q
Histology of esophageal cancer
A
- SCC: mid 1/3 of esophagus, begins in-situ, keratization, intercellular bridges
- AC: Barrett’s esophagus, distal 1/3, well differentiated
4
Q
Symptoms of esophageal cancer
A
- dysphagia
- fistula
- heartburn
- coughing
- hoarseness
- bleeding
- resp./mediastinal/pericardial infiltration
5
Q
Diagnosis of esophageal cancer
A
- endoscopy w/ biopsy
- barium swallow test
- PET/CT
6
Q
Radiation therapy for esophageal cancer
A
- upper 1/2: chemoradiation therapy is preferred
- lower 1/2: surgical resection
- neoadjuvant, definite, palliative
7
Q
Surgical therapy for esophageal cancer
A
- endoscopic mucosectomy or endoscopic submucosal dissection
- w/ or w/o adjuvant chemordiation therapy
8
Q
Pharmacologic therapy for esophageal cancer
A
- chemotherapy by does not improve prognosis, mainly palliative
- FOLFOX and CROSS protocol
9
Q
What is the FOLFOX protocol?
A
combination of chemotherapy drugs
- folinic acid
- 5-fluorouracil
- oxaliplatin
10
Q
What is CROSS protocol?
A
combination of chemotherapy and radiation therapy
- carboplatin
- taxane
