Bone Tumors Flashcards
1
Q
Epidemiology of bone cancer
A
- primary bone tumor is rare
- bone metastasis is very common
2
Q
Etiology of bone cancer
A
- etiology is unclear
- risk factors: RT, chronic inflammation, nickel, cobalt
- Ollier’s disease, Mauffucci syndrome, Paget’s disease
3
Q
Histology of bone cancer
A
- osteogenic tumor: osteoma, osteosarcoma
- chondrogenic tumor: chondroma, chondrosarcoma
- giant cell tumor
- bone marrow origin: Ewing sarcoma
- angiogenic tumor: hemangioma, hemangio endothelioma
- CT origin: fibrosarcoma
- Schwannoma
4
Q
Symptoms of bone cancer
A
- not characteristic
- swelling
- warmer skin
- palpable tumor
- dull pain
- pathological fracture (10%)
Enneking staging: intracompartmental or extracompartmental
5
Q
Diagnosis of bone cancer
A
- X-ray
- CT
- MRI
- PET
- tripple phase bone scintiography
- ALP
- exploratory surgery
6
Q
Radiotherapy for bone cancer
A
- osteomas and osteosarcomas are radio-resistant
Ewing’s sarcoma is radiosensitive
7
Q
Surgical therapy for bone cancer
A
- benign: scraping
- aggressive: resection w/ clear margin
- low malignancy: wide local resection
- high malignancy: osteosarcoma (pre/post op. chemotherapy); Ewing’s sarcoma (preop. chemo + radiotherapy)
- limb sparing surgery if possible
8
Q
Pharmacological therapy for bone cancer
A
- cytostatic therapy only used in chemotherapy sensitive tumor
- optimal chemotherapy: neoadjuvant and adjuvant
- VIDE therapy
- VAC therapy
9
Q
What is VIDE therapy?
A
- vincristine
- MESNA
- doxorubicin
- etoposide
10
Q
What is VAC therapy?
A
- vincristine
- actinomycin D
- cyclophosphamide
- MESNA
