Colorectal Tumors

Question 1

Epidemiology of colorectal cancer

Answer 1

higher risk in case of:
- older than 70 yrs old
- polyps
- IBD
- genetics
- alcohol
- red meat

Question 2

Etiology of colorectal cancer

Answer 2

• colorectal adenomas
• FAP expression
• familial aggregation
• reduced risk: NSAIDS, physical activity, high-fibre diet, vitamins

Question 3

Histology of colorectal cancer

Answer 3

• 95% adenocarcinoma: APC mutation
• BRAF or KRAF
• MSI
• CIMP

uses MAC classification

Question 4

Symptoms of colorectal cancer

Answer 4

• blood in stool
• altered defecation
• weight loss
• pain
• constipation

Question 5

Diagnosis of colorectal cancers

Answer 5

• biopsy
• endoscopy
• surgical excision
• CT
• US
• guided biopsy
• FDG-PET for metastasis

Question 6

Radiation therapy for colorectal cancer

Answer 6

• not routinely against colon cancer
• can be considered for liver metastasis

Question 7

Surgical therapy for colorectal cancer

Answer 7

higher chance of stoma, in case of distal tumor

Question 8

Pharmacological therapy for colorectal cancer

Answer 8

• chemotherapy: 5FU, capecitabine, irinotecan, oxaliplatin
• targeted biological therapy: cetuximab (EGFR), bevacizumab (VEGFR), regorafenib (TKR)