Erythropoiesis Flashcards by Ma. Carmina Ruth Romero

Erythropoiesis

process of RBC formation

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RBC survival determined by

labeling
the RBCs with
chromium-51 (51Cr),

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normal rage of RBC survival det.

28 to 38 days

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total mass of RBCs circulating in the peripheral blood AND the bone marrow RBC precursors

Erythron

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a term that describes the dynamics of RBC creation and destruction

Erythrokinetics

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mmature hematopoietic cells that is committed to a cell line but
CANNOT be identified morphologically

Progenitor cell

BFU-E, CFU-E

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immature hematopoietic cell that is morphologically IDENTIFIABLE
as belonging to a given cell line

Precursor cells

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EARLIEST marker of erythroid differentiation; transferrin receptor

CD71

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primary target cells of EPO

BFU-E & CFU-E

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3 major effects of EPO:

1.) allowing early release of reticulocytes from the bone marrow
2.) reducing the time needed for cells to mature in the bone marrow
3.) preventing apoptotic cell death (note: apoptosis rescue is the
MAJOR way in which EPO increases RBC mass)

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primary cell source of EPO

Peritubular interstitial cells (kidneys)

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GH is produced by

Anterior pituitary gland

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GH function

stimulate erythropoiesis directly (BM)

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testosterone function in erythropoiesis

stimulates indirectly

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Prolactin produced by

Anterior pituitary gland

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Prolactin function

stimulate erythropoiesis directly (BM)

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estrogen effect on RBC count

lower

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estrogen function

inhibits erythropoiesis

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committed to eryhtroid progenitor cells

BFU-E & CFU-E

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___ days for the BFU-E to mature to an erythrocyte

18 to 21 days

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_____

are spent by BFU-Eas recognizable precursors in the bone marrow.

6 days

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Retics found in Wright stain

Polychromatophilic Erythrocytes & Diffusely Basophilic Erythrocytes

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rubriblast gives rise to ___ prorubricytes

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earliest recognizable erythroid precursor using light microscope

Rubriblast

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youngest of the precursor

Rubriblast

Rubriblast N:C ratio

8:1

nucleus takes up < 50%

lower ratio

nucleus takes up > 50%

ratio is higher

Prorubricyte N:C ratio

6:1

nucleoli in prorubricyte

0 to 1

The prorubricyte gives rise to | ________ rubricytes

criteria in identifying prorubricyte from rubriblast

1) coarser chromatin | 2) absence of nucleoli

last stage with nucleolus

prorubricyte

first stage of hemoglobinization (Hb synthesis)

prorubricyte

Each of this cell (rubricyte) gives | rise to ___________ metarubricytes

rubricyte is confused with

lymphocyte

lymphocyte vs. rubricyte

L: N-crushed velvet C: sky-blue (robin egg" R: N- Checkerboard C: muddy gray

last stage capable of mitosis

rubricyte

diffusely lilac in color (muddy or gray)

rubricyte

rubricyte N:C ratio

4:1

pyknotic nucleus

Metarubricyte/Orthochromatic normoblast/Late normoblast

Metarubricyte N:C ratio

1:2

Metarubricyte other names

Nucleated RBC, Pyknotic erythroblast, Acidophilic normoblast

salmon-pink

Metarubricyte

last stage with nucleus

Metarubricyte

Pyrenocytes contain

Howell-Jolly bodies

last stage of hemoglobin synthesis

Reticulocyte

polychromasia

Reticulocyte

Retics Spends ___ day/s in the bone marrow

2 to 3

retics spends ___ day/s in the Peripheral blood

Shift Cells

Polychromatophilic macrocytes

Polychromatophilic macrocytes/ shift cells seen in

cases of increased RBC production

Stress Reticulocytes

macroreticulocytes

Stress Reticulocytes seen in

more severe conditions like Hemolytic anemia

mature erythrocytes appearance

biconcave disk, 1.5 to 1.5 um thick, 7 to 8 um, 120 days lifespan,

or erythrocytes produced from each rubriblast

normal ratio of RBC:WBC

600:1

normal RBC:platelet ratio

15:1

measures RBC survival

Chromium-51

salmon-pink with central pallor occupying ___ the cell

1/3

RBC membrane constituents:

8% carbohydrates, 40% lipids, and 52% proteins

maintain membrane integrity

♦TRANSMEMBRANE PROTEINS

Glucose transporter, supports ABH antigens

Glut-1

Transports negatively charged sialic acid, supports MN | determinants

Glycophorin A

Transports negatively charged sialic acid, supports | Ss determinants

Glycophorin B

Transports negatively charged sialic acid, supports | Gerbich system determinants

Glycophorin C

shape and flexibility of the erythrocyte

♦SKELETAL PROTEINS

Primary cytoskeletal proteins

α-spectrin | β-spectrin

MCHC value of Hereditary Spherocytosis patient

35-38mg/dL

RBC in HS

stretchable but less elastic

most sensitive and specific test to confirm the diagnosis of HS

-EMA binding test

most | common form of stomatocytosis

Dehydrated hereditary stomatocytosis (Hereditary Xerocytosis)

mutations that change MEMBRANE STRUCTURE

1) Hereditary spherocytosis 2) Hereditary elliptocytosis/pyropoikilocytosis 3) Hereditary ovalocytosis (Southeast Asian ovalocytosis)

mutations that change MEMBRANE TRANSPORT PROTEINS

1) Overhydrated hereditary stomatocytosis | 2) Dehydrated hereditary stomatocytosis or hereditary xerocytosis