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hema - review > Anemias > Flashcards

Anemias Flashcards

1
Q

anemia

A

decrease below normal of one or more of the following:
o Number of red blood cells
o Hemoglobin
o Volume of packed red cells (hematocrit)

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2
Q

Loss of erythrocytes through bleeding must always be the FIRST FOCUS in any patient with anemi

A

HEMORRHAGE

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3
Q

a significant source of blood loss in women

A

Menstruation

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4
Q

shortened erythrocyte survival time NOT explained by bleeding

A

hemolysis

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5
Q

average survival time of RBCs after leaving bone marrow

A

120 days

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6
Q

decreased production of erythrocytes caused by

A

1) Nutritional deficiencies

2) Kidney disease

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7
Q

morphologic classifications of anemias based on

A

MCV, MCHC

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8
Q

MCV & MCHC in Normocytic , normochromic anemia

A

Both normal

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9
Q

described as a rare but potentially deadly bone marrow failure syndrome

A

APLASTIC ANEMIA

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10
Q

-most common of the inherited aplastic anemias

A

Fanconi Anemia (FA)

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11
Q

aplastic anemia, cancer susceptibility, and physical abnormalities

A

Fanconi Anemia (FA)

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12
Q

Fanconi Anemia vs Fanconi syndrome

A

FA - BM disorder

FS - PCT defect

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13
Q

PAROXYSMAL NOCTURNAL HEMOGLOBINURIA aka

A

Marchiafava-Micheli Syndrome

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14
Q

PAROXYSMAL NOCTURNAL HEMOGLOBINURIA caused by deficiency of

A

DAF & MIRL

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15
Q

TESTS for PNH

A

1) Ham’s acidified serum test
2) Sugar Water Test (sucrose hemolysis test)
3) Flow cytometry -

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16
Q

confirmatory for PNH

A

Flow cytometry

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17
Q

mcv & mchc both low

A

Microcytic, Hypochromic anemia

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18
Q

Microcytic anemia results from

A

iron level insufficient for maintaining normal eryhthropoiesis and
is characterized by abnormal results of iron studies

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19
Q

associated conditions in Microcytic, hypochromic anemia

A

“TAILS”

Thalassemia
Anemia of Chronic inflammation
Iron Deficiency Anemia
Lead poisoning
Sideroblastic anemia
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20
Q

most common anemia among hospitalized patients

A

Anemia of chronic inflammation (ACI)

21
Q

body stores have abundant iron; red cells are deficient in iron

A

Anemia of chronic inflammation (ACI)

22
Q

Central feature of ACI:

A

sideropenia (↓ serum iron) despite abundant iron stores

23
Q

Acute phase reactants (APRs) that contribute to ACI

A

1) Hepcidin
2) Lactoferrin
3) Ferritin

24
Q

hallmark of the sideroblastic anemias

A

Ring sideroblasts

25
Q

The “rings” in ring sideroblasts

A

mitochondria loaded with iron

26
Q

Dimorphic peripheral blood picture

A

(normochromic and hypochromic RBC

27
Q

Sideroblastic anemias

A

Iron is trapped in the mitochondria (cannot be fully utilized in Hb synthesis

28
Q

anucleate RBC w/ iron granules

A

SIDEROCYTE

29
Q

nucleated RBC precursor with cytoplasmic iron granules

A

SIDEROBLAST

30
Q

– the most common anemia

A

Iron deficiency anemia (IDA)

31
Q

clinical features of IDA:

A

Koilonychia (spooning of the fingernails)
glossitis
angular cheilosis
pica

32
Q

TIBC = low

Serum ferritin = High

A

ACI

33
Q

TIBC = High

Serum ferritin =low

A

IDA

34
Q

(MCV= HIGH, MCHC=NORMAL

A

MACROCYTIC, NORMOCHROMIC ANEMIAS

35
Q

MACROCYTIC, NORMOCHROMIC ANEMIAS

A 
1) MEGALOBLASTIC
ANEMIA
NONMEGALOBLASTIC
ANEMIA
2) NONMEGALOBLASTIC
ANEMIA
36
Q

NONMEGALOBLASTIC

ANEMIA

A

“LAB”

1) Liver disease
2) Alcoholism (chronic)
3) Bone marrow failure

37
Q
  • characterized by the presence of
    antibodies against parietal cells and
    antibodies against IF
A

*PA (Pernicious Anemia)

38
Q

competition with vit B12

A

D. latum

H. pylori

39
Q

Hypersegmented nuetrophils Present in this type of anemia

A

Megaloblastic anemia

40
Q

macocyte shape in Megaloblastic anemia

A

oval

41
Q

considered as root cause of megaloblastic anemia

A

Impaired DNA synthesis

42
Q

: thymidine triphosphate (TTP)

A

important structure of which DNA synthesis is dependent on

43
Q

vit. B12 aka

A

Cobalamin

44
Q
  • synthetic form of vitamin B12 (found only in supplements)
A

Cyanocobalamin

45
Q

naturally occurring form that may be obtained from either food sources or supplements

A

Methylcobalamin

46
Q

Blood pictures seen in folate deficiency and vitamin B12 deficiency

A

indistinguishable

47
Q

Other possible findings in megaloblastic anemia

A

teardrop cells, nucleated RBCs, Howell-Jolly bodies, basophilic stippling, and Cabot rings

48
Q

haptocorrins

A

vit. B12 s bound to transcobalamin I and III

49
Q

metabolically active

form of Vitamin B12.

A

holotranscobalamin (holoTC)

hema - review (17 decks)

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