Anemias

Question 1

anemia

Answer 1

decrease below normal of one or more of the following:
o Number of red blood cells
o Hemoglobin
o Volume of packed red cells (hematocrit)

Question 2

Loss of erythrocytes through bleeding must always be the FIRST FOCUS in any patient with anemi

Answer 2

HEMORRHAGE

Question 3

a significant source of blood loss in women

Answer 3

Menstruation

Question 4

shortened erythrocyte survival time NOT explained by bleeding

Answer 4

hemolysis

Question 5

average survival time of RBCs after leaving bone marrow

Answer 5

120 days

Question 6

decreased production of erythrocytes caused by

Answer 6

1) Nutritional deficiencies

2) Kidney disease

Question 7

morphologic classifications of anemias based on

Answer 7

MCV, MCHC

Question 8

MCV & MCHC in Normocytic , normochromic anemia

Answer 8

Both normal

Question 9

described as a rare but potentially deadly bone marrow failure syndrome

Answer 9

APLASTIC ANEMIA

Question 10

-most common of the inherited aplastic anemias

Answer 10

Fanconi Anemia (FA)

Question 11

aplastic anemia, cancer susceptibility, and physical abnormalities

Answer 11

Fanconi Anemia (FA)

Question 12

Fanconi Anemia vs Fanconi syndrome

Answer 12

FA - BM disorder

FS - PCT defect

Question 13

PAROXYSMAL NOCTURNAL HEMOGLOBINURIA aka

Answer 13

Marchiafava-Micheli Syndrome

Question 14

PAROXYSMAL NOCTURNAL HEMOGLOBINURIA caused by deficiency of

Answer 14

DAF & MIRL

Question 15

TESTS for PNH

Answer 15

1) Ham’s acidified serum test
2) Sugar Water Test (sucrose hemolysis test)
3) Flow cytometry -

Question 16

confirmatory for PNH

Answer 16

Flow cytometry

Question 17

mcv & mchc both low

Answer 17

Microcytic, Hypochromic anemia

Question 18

Microcytic anemia results from

Answer 18

iron level insufficient for maintaining normal eryhthropoiesis and
is characterized by abnormal results of iron studies

Question 19

associated conditions in Microcytic, hypochromic anemia

Answer 19

“TAILS”

Thalassemia
Anemia of Chronic inflammation
Iron Deficiency Anemia
Lead poisoning
Sideroblastic anemia

Question 20

most common anemia among hospitalized patients

Answer 20

Anemia of chronic inflammation (ACI)

Question 21

body stores have abundant iron; red cells are deficient in iron

Answer 21

Anemia of chronic inflammation (ACI)

Question 22

Central feature of ACI:

Answer 22

sideropenia (↓ serum iron) despite abundant iron stores

Question 23

Acute phase reactants (APRs) that contribute to ACI

Answer 23

1) Hepcidin
2) Lactoferrin
3) Ferritin

Question 24

hallmark of the sideroblastic anemias

Answer 24

Ring sideroblasts

Question 25

The “rings” in ring sideroblasts

Answer 25

mitochondria loaded with iron

Question 26

Dimorphic peripheral blood picture

Answer 26

(normochromic and hypochromic RBC

Question 27

Sideroblastic anemias

Answer 27

Iron is trapped in the mitochondria (cannot be fully utilized in Hb synthesis

Question 28

anucleate RBC w/ iron granules

Answer 28

SIDEROCYTE

Question 29

nucleated RBC precursor with cytoplasmic iron granules

Answer 29

SIDEROBLAST

Question 30

– the most common anemia

Answer 30

Iron deficiency anemia (IDA)

Question 31

clinical features of IDA:

Answer 31

Koilonychia (spooning of the fingernails) glossitis angular cheilosis pica

Question 32

TIBC = low | Serum ferritin = High

Answer 32

ACI

Question 33

TIBC = High | Serum ferritin =low

Answer 33

IDA

Question 34

(MCV= HIGH, MCHC=NORMAL

Answer 34

MACROCYTIC, NORMOCHROMIC ANEMIAS

Question 35

MACROCYTIC, NORMOCHROMIC ANEMIAS

Answer 35

``` 1) MEGALOBLASTIC ANEMIA NONMEGALOBLASTIC ANEMIA 2) NONMEGALOBLASTIC ANEMIA ```

Question 36

NONMEGALOBLASTIC | ANEMIA

Answer 36

"LAB" 1) Liver disease 2) Alcoholism (chronic) 3) Bone marrow failure

Question 37

- characterized by the presence of antibodies against parietal cells and antibodies against IF

Answer 37

*PA (Pernicious Anemia)

Question 38

competition with vit B12

Answer 38

D. latum | H. pylori

Question 39

Hypersegmented nuetrophils Present in this type of anemia

Answer 39

Megaloblastic anemia

Question 40

macocyte shape in Megaloblastic anemia

Answer 40

oval

Question 41

considered as root cause of megaloblastic anemia

Answer 41

Impaired DNA synthesis

Question 42

: thymidine triphosphate (TTP)

Answer 42

important structure of which DNA synthesis is dependent on

Question 43

vit. B12 aka

Answer 43

Cobalamin

Question 44

- synthetic form of vitamin B12 (found only in supplements)

Answer 44

Cyanocobalamin

Question 45

naturally occurring form that may be obtained from either food sources or supplements

Answer 45

Methylcobalamin

Question 46

Blood pictures seen in folate deficiency and vitamin B12 deficiency

Answer 46

indistinguishable

Question 47

Other possible findings in megaloblastic anemia

Answer 47

teardrop cells, nucleated RBCs, Howell-Jolly bodies, basophilic stippling, and Cabot rings

Question 48

haptocorrins

Answer 48

vit. B12 s bound to transcobalamin I and III

Question 49

metabolically active | form of Vitamin B12.

Answer 49

holotranscobalamin (holoTC)