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ERP / HAZMAT Flashcards

0
Q

ERP: TRAINING LEVELS

A
  • Operations level = All Firefighters
  • Tech 1 = SOC Support Trucks
  • Tech 2 = Rescue / Squad / HazMat Tech Engines
  • Awareness level = EMS Personnel
  • CPC and DECON Engines are operations level trained with
    additional training in CPC and decon operations. They are not
    Tech 1 or Tech 2 trained.
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1
Q

CONTROL ZONES

A
  • Hot Zone = Exclusion Zone
    (Red Barrier Tape)
  • Warm Zone = Contamination Reduction Zone
    (Yellow Barrier Tape)
    (Safe refuge area in Warm Zone)
    (All decon occurs in Contamination Reduction Zone)
  • Cold Zone = Support Zone
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2
Q

ERP: LEVELS OF CPC

A
  • Level A = Highest lvl of skin and respiratory protection
    Includes vapor tight suit and SCBA
  • Level B = Highest lvl of respiratory but lower skin protection
    Includes splash protection
  • Level C = Minimal lvl of skin and respiratory protection
    Includes APR’s and PAPR’s
  • Level D = Nuisance contamination only
  • BUNKER GEAR IS NOT CLASSIFIED AS CPC
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3
Q

ERP HAZMAT PROCEDURES “HA-SAC WA-SAC”

A

1st Arriving Ladder - Responsible for HAZARD ASSESSMENT (HA)
Team 1- Hazard ID
Team 2 - Information Resources

2nd Arriving Ladder - Responsible for SITE ACCESS CONTROL (SAC)
and establishing the initial exclusion zone.
Team 1 - Information Resources
Team 2 - Initial Exclusion Zone

1st Arriving Engine - WATER SUPPLY (WA)
- Stretch line but don’t place into operation until
ordered by IC pending results of initial hazard
assessment.
- May perform CFR-D

2nd Arriving Engine - SITE ACCESS CONTROL (SAC) / Assists and
coordinates with 2nd Ladder company to control
access to the site.
- May be ordered by IC to assist 1st Engine with
water supply or line placement, site control or
evacuation.
- May perform CFR-D

3rd Arriving Engine
- Should be assigned CFR-D duties for members as well as victims
removed that have been exposed or injured.
- If 1st or 2nd Engine is already assigned to CFR-D duties, then 3rd
Engine should be assigned to water supply and decon or site control.

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4
Q

NFPA DIAMOND “Hot Farts Rise”

A

Left Quadrant = (Hot) HEALTH HAZARD (BLUE)

Top Quadrant = (Farts) FLAMMABILITY (Red)

Right Quadrant = (Rise) REACTIVITY (Yellow)

Bottom Quadrant = SPECIAL HAZARDS (White)

  • Scale of 0-4
    4 is most hazardous / 0 is least hazardous
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5
Q

NFPA DIAMOND - HEALTH HAZARD (BLUE)

“DEHSN”

A

4 - (D)eadly

3 - (E)xtreme danger

2 - (H)azardous

1 - (S)lightly hazardous

0 - (N)ormal Material

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6
Q

NFPA DIAMOND - FLAMMABILITY HAZARD (RED)

A

4 - Flash point below 73 degrees F

3 - Flash point below 100 degrees F

2 - Flash point above 100 degrees F (not over 200 degrees F)

1 - Above 200 degrees F

0 - Will not burn

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7
Q

NFPA DIAMOND - REACTIVITY HAZARD

(YELLOW) “MSVUS”

A

4 - (M)ay detonate

3 - (S)hock and heat may detonate

2 - (V)iolent chemical change

1 - (U)nstable is heated

0 - (S)table

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8
Q

NFPA DIAMOND - SPECIAL INFO (WHITE)

A

OX - Oxidizer

W (with slash drawn through it) - use no water

ACID - acid

ALK - Alkali

COR - Corrosive

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9
Q

CHEMICAL AGENTS

A

NERVE AGENTS (FRUITY ODOR)

  • Sarin
  • Tabun
  • Soman
  • VX

BLISTER AGENTS (GARLIC ODOR)

  • Mustard
  • Lewisite

BLOOD AGENTS (BURNT ALMOND ODOR)

  • Hydrogen Cyanide
  • Cyanogen Chloride

CHOKING AGENTS (CHLORINE OR GRASS ODOR)

  • Phosgene
  • Chlorine
  • Ammonia
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10
Q

RAD 50 vs ULTRA-RADIAC

A

Rad 50 - Ability to detect alpha, beta, gamma
Used as a Rate meter (how fast radiation being deposited)
Speedometer

Ultra-Radiac - Capability to detect gamma and x-ray.
Used as a Dose meter (amount of radiation deposited)
Total miles, odometer
Can also be used in Rate mode

  • Ultra-radiac only detects gamma and x-ray because alpha and beta particles can be stopped by our bunker gear and SCBAS, even though our gear may be contaminated we are not exposed, where as gamma and x-ray will pass through our equipment and our bodies causing potential exposure, not necessarily contamination.
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11
Q

INTERNAL/EXTERNAL EXPOSURE & CONTAMINATION

A

Internal - received from a radioactive source deposited inside the
body. (inhalation of a dust cloud containing radioactive
material or injury fro, radioactive shrapnel)

External - received from radioactive source outside the body. You can
be external exposed without being contaminated. Compare
it to someone taking an x-ray. The person is exposed to x-
rays via penetration but is not contaminated by the
radioactive source.

Contamination - implies that the material itself is on a person’s body/
clothing and is emitting energy in the form of alpha
particles, beta particles, gamma rays or neutron
particles. Contamination can result from the airborne
distribution, direct contact or resuspension of
radioactive material.

  • Remember if you are contaminated you can decon, if you are
    exposed you cannot decon the exposure.
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12
Q

DOSE VS RATE

A
  • A person operating in an environment with the meter reading 50 mR/hr will receive a dose of 50mR if operating for one hour in that environment, or 25mR if operating for 1/2 hr, the duration of one as SCBA bottle.
  • DOSE = amount of radiation energy deposited inside body (total miles
    or odometer reading) Measured in microrem (uR), millirem
    (mR) or Rem ( 1,000,000 uR = 1,000 mR = 1 Rem)
  • RATE (DOSE RATE) = How fast radiation energy is deposited (mph or
    speedometer reading). Measured in microrem/hr
    (uR/hr), millirem/hr (mR/hr) or Rem/hr.

DECISION DOSE EMERGENCY ACTION PERFORMED

50 Rem ——————— Lifesaving for a catastrophic event

25 Rem ——————— Lifesaving or protection of large populations

10 Rem ——————— Protection of major property

5 Rem ———————– General Operations at radiological emerg.

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13
Q

TRANSPORT INDEX OF DANGEROUS PACKAGE

A

LABEL MAXIMUM READING ON MAX READING ONE
SURFACE OF PACKAGE METER FROM PACKAGE

White I ———– 0.5 mR/hr ————— N/A

Yellow II ———- 50 mR/hr ————— 1 mR/hr

Yellow III ———- 200 mR/hr —————- 10 mR/hr

The TI applies to levels of gamma radiation only. Reading of alpha or beta particles indicate the package may have been breached and the shielding compromised.

The TI of a package should not exceed 10mR/hr.

The total TI of a vehicles shipment may not exceed 50mR/hr.

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14
Q

RADALERT 50

A
  • Background radiation shows up as .02 - .05 mR/hr
  • After turning on, requires 1 full minute to show complete reading
  • Move slowly towards suspect areas to detect radiation
  • Unit takes 1 full minute for a change to be indicated on LCD (you will
    still get an audible alarm at 1mR/hr)
  • If rate goes over 1mR/hr monitor sounds alert tone, even though
    RadAlert has not shown change yet.
  • Slowly move monitor 1-2 inches from the surface with the alpha port
    facing the object area or person.
  • Alarms at 1mR/hr, then use circular pattern around area to determine
    isolation zone.
  • Establish hotline at 2mR/hr
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15
Q

ULTRARADIAC

A
  • Detects Gamma and X-Ray radiation
  • Measures BOTH RATE & DOSE
  • Continually secured to Officers radio
  • Test and clear any doses EVERY TOUR
  • FFs test and clear any doses if used at operation
  • Blinking 9 means it passed all tests (blinking “0” is failure)
  • Battery needs changing = (b, BAT, blank screen)
  • Press the ALARM key to see your STAY TIME
  • Stay time is # of min you can stay w/o exceeding high dose threshold
  • In Source Finder Mode, aim TOP of unit at suspected source
  • Dose Rate Alarms (Low RATE = 2mR/hr) (High RATE = 50R/hr)
  • Total Dose Alarms (Low DOSE = 5R) (High DOSE = 12R)
  • Low rate/dose alarms (beeps, flashes, vibrates slowly)
  • High rate/dose alarm (beeps, flashes, vibrates quickly)
16
Q

CLASSES OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS

“Every Good Lieutenants Standard Operating Procedure Requires
Coordinated Members”

A

1) Explosives (Every)
2) Compressed Gases (Good)
3) Flammable Liquids (Lieutenants)
4) Flammable Solids (Standard)
5) Oxidizers (Operating)
6) Poisons (Procedure)
7) Radioactive Material (Requires)
8) Corrosives (Coordination)
9) Miscellaneous Dangerous Goods (Mostly)

17
Q

SHIPPING PAPER LOCATIONS

A
  1. Truck - Bill of Lading - kept in cab in reach of driver
  2. Railroad - Waybill - carried by conductor in caboose or engine
  3. Aircraft - Air Bill - kept by pilot
  4. Ships - Cargo Manifest - kept by the master of 1st mate
18
Q

WHEN RELAYING INFORMATION TO HAZMAT INCLUDE “FRACTION”

A

F - Four digit number

R - Reacting - how is it reacting with surrounding material

A - Amount - quantity of material

C - Color of vapor or material

T - Type of release (explosion, leaking valve, broken bag etc.)

I - If material is fuming

O - Other information that may be pertinent

N - Name of material involved

19
Q

CPC UNITS

A
  • Search, rescue, removals, decon, NO MITIGATION.
  • Before entry they need:
    1. A total of 5 CPC trained members (from any unit)
    2. Proper supervision - CPC trained officer
    3. Decon - staffed/established
  • CPC OFFICER
    1. No CPC unless supervision requires
      (e. g. Complex entry, multiple entry teams, entry - out of line of sight)
  • ENTRY TEAM
    1. If one must leave, other must go
    2. If one goes down for unknown reason, other must leave & notify
      backup team for rescue.
  • BACKUP TEAM
    1. Sole task-removal of down member
20
Q

STANDBY POSITION

A
  • Both legs in suit
  • Outer boots / surgical gloves on
  • SCBA donned / cylinder open
  • Facepiece on / regulator disengaged
  • Right arm in suit
  • ID tag in place
  • MASS DECON
    1. Have victims remove outer clothing
    2. Wash victims with water.
    3. Add soap if available
  • FFs NEEDING DECON
    1. Remove SCBA w/ facepiece remaining on - holding SCBA via strap
    2. Another member removes bunker gear
    3. Facepiece taken off last
21
Q

MASS DECON OPTIONS

A
  1. 2 1/2” handline = Aquastream fog nozzle, 50-80 psi
  2. Two 2 1/2” lines = 25’ to 30’ apart, opposite each other, 50-80 psi
  3. Two pumpers = parallel to each other, 25’ apart, Aquastream fog
    nozzles on inside discharges, 50-80 psi. Control
    panels facing outside.
  4. Can add one of the following:

A) TL with Turbomaster fog nozzle

B) Aerial with Ladder Pipe and Aquastream

C) 3rd pumper with Aquastream fog nozzle on apparatus mounted
multiversal.

D) This configuration should produce a water spray shower
approximately 20’ x 30’ long.

E) In immediately life threatening exposures where emergency Decon
is necessary, fog nozzles can be attached to the multiversal on an
Engine, or to a TL outlet, for a very quick gross Decon setup.

  • Rapid physical removal of the material from the victims is the single
    most important action associated with effective decontamination.
  • Exposed people must be immediately removed from the area of the
    release to a safe area of refuge. The area of safe refuge is considered
    to be in the warm zone.
  • Removing the victims clothing removes up to 90% of the
    contamination. For a FF wearing bunker gear, an SCBA, gloves, and a
    hood, the percentage of contamination eliminated by removing outer
    clothing is even higher than 90%.
22
Q

CARBON MONOXIDE

A
  • All FDNY units have been issued CO meters.
  • IC shall request utility to company to respond if:
    1. A CO level over 9 PPM is recorded by the meter
    2. Units on the scene shut off a gas appliance.
    3. An individual(s) is exhibiting symptoms of CO poisoning.
    4. The IC feels a response by the utility company is required.
  • Co meter readings of 9 PPM or less = Evacuation not necessary
  • CO meter reading of greater than 9 PPM but less than 100 PPM,
    RECOMMEND that all persons leave the affected area and begin
    ventilation.
  • CO meter readings of 100 PPM and greater = BEGIN evacuation of
    the affected area and ventilate.
  • Fire Officers are required to wear and have the CO meter turned on
    whenever they are out of quarters (emergency and non emergency
    operations). Firefighters assigned riding positions that have a CO
    meter are also required to wear and turn on the meter whenever the
    company is out of quarters (emergency, non-emergency operations).
  • CO meters will display readings up to 999 PPM. If readings of 1000
    PPM or more are detected, the CO meter will display “OL” indicating
    an over limit condition.
  • Calibration will be done by the Hazmat OPS meter room every 6
    months.
  • Each Battalion will be assigned 2 spare CO meters.
23
Q

BIOLOGICAL RESPONSE LEVELS

A
  1. Biological Response Level 1

A) Review literature regarding protocol modifications for patient care
and biological agents.

  1. Biological Response Level 2
    Transmission of a contagious biological OUTSIDE of NYC

A) Review infectious disease management procedures

B) Be aware of at risk call types received from CAD system

C) Review dispatch data: early suspicion and recognition of a patient
who may present as a risk; coughing, diarrhea, vomiting, fever, rash.

D) Reverse isolate patients (mask patient, wrap patient in sheet)

E) Minimize # of FFs making patient contact on CFR-D responses

F) Use PPE to achieve BSI

  1. Biological Response Level 3
    Transmission of a contagious biological INSIDE of NYC

A) Comtinue Level 2 practices, use PPE to achieve BSI.

B) Don full PPE

 - N95 respirator
 - Eye protection
 - Safety coat / gown
 - Latex or non latex gloves available

C) In case of exposure, process the Biological Exposure Form MD-X3

D) Consider using enhanced respiratory protection (N95) during routine 
    emergency activities (water leaks, electrical, class 3 etc)

E) Minimize the number of firefighters making civilian contact.

24
Q

WHEN RADIOACTIVE PLACARDS ARE REQUIRED IN TRANSPORTATION “ELY 1000”

A

E - Exclusively radioactive

L - Low specific gravity (LSA - full shipments)

Y - Yellow III packages

More than 1000 lbs of radioactive material

  • Placards required in front, rear & side of each carrier.
25
Q

WHEN CAN APRs BE USED: “IM FOAM”

A

I - IC authorizes

M - Material measured

F - Filter cartridge specific for contaminant

O - O2 level between 19.5% and 23.5%

A - Air contaminant identified

M - Monitoring of air is ongoing

26
Q

FIRST ARRIVING ENGINE COMPANY SHOULD CONSIDER THESE FACTORS WHEN DETERMINING THE SIZE AND PLACEMENT OF THE HANDLINE WITH THE FOG NOZZLE: “ROPES”

A

“ROPES”

R - Run

O - Of the stream

P - Proximity to access/egress control points for decon

E - Expousres

S - Sewers and drains that may be affected

27
Q

SIGNS AND INDICATIONS OF SUICIDE BOMBERS “ALERT”

A

“ALERT”

A - Alone and nervous

L - Loose or bulky clothing

E - Exposed wires

R - Rigid mid section

T - Tightened hands

  • Suicide bombers routinely use secondary devices that usually
    detonate within 20 minutes of the primary explosion along the
    evacuation route or near the first targeted area.
28
Q

OUTWARD SIGNS OF EXPOSURE TO NERVE AGENTS: “SLUDGEM”

A

“SLUDGEM”

S - Salivation

L - Lacrimation (tearing)

U - Urination

D - Defecation

G - GI distress

E - Emesis (vomiting)

M - Muscle twitching/miosis (contraction of pupils)

29
Q

HAZMAT REQUIRED TO RESPOND: “LIRR-AM”

A

L - Large refrigeration leaks

I - Illegal drug factories

R - Rail

R - Road tank derailments

A - Asbestos incidents

M - Muriatic acid spills

30
Q

FLAMMABLE GASES LIGHTER THAN AIR “HA HA MICE”

A

“HA HA MICE”

H - Hydrogen

A - Acetylene

H - Hydrogen cyanide

A - Ammonia

M - Methane

I - Illuminating Gas

C - Carbon Monoxide

E - Ethylene

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