ERP- ADD 3/IED/Active Shooter Flashcards
What is the most frequently used weapon by terrorists?
CONVENTIONAL BOMB OR IED
-low cost, little skill, disguised
can be as lethal as conventional military devices
Although, it is possible to include Chemical, Biological or RAdiological material with an IED, what is the GREATEST harm?
EXPLOSIVE ITSELF
When operating at the scene of an explosion, at any location , members shall assume the explosion was a deliberate act until declared otherwise….Hard targets and Soft Targets?
Hard Targets: secured and usually staffed by trained personnel or officials, and include GOVERNMENT, MILITARY SITES, SOME CRITICAL INFRASTRUCTURE
Soft Targets: little or no security and possibility of extensive casualties…(malls, hospitals, schools, houses of worship)
IED/Arson :Improvised Incendiary Devices :
- firebombs that ignite and burn (molotov cocktail)
- obvious complication is FIRE
Members shall NOT handle ANY TYPE OF DEVICE THOUGT TO BE EXPLOSIVE OR INCENDIARY
- NYPD BOMB SQUAD should be requested if a device is discovered
- PRECAUTIONARY hoselines stretvhed and positioned to safeguard area
- members shall be staged in a safe area, OUT OF LINE OF SIGHT OF DEVICE
- ALWAYS be aware of danger of possible SECONDARY THREAT
IED consists of :
- power supply
- an initiator
- explosives
- switch
Profile of Suicide Bomber ?
there is NO PROFILE
IEDS USED IN COMBINATION WITH SHOOTER:
- SECONDARY THREAT:
- another explosive
- shooter
- FIRE to drawn in FF’s, then set of IED
multiple devices is INCREASING TREND
If TERRORIST activity is SUSPECTED , members are?
NOT to confront INDIVIDUALS
NOTIFY BFI
FDNY are NOT experienced enough to differentiate between chemical, drug or explosive labs…
If members SUSPECT or DISCOVER any clandestine lab, they shall :
- IMMEDIATELY STOP, DO NOT TOUCH ANYTHING , RETRACE STEPS AND BACK OUT OF AREA
- DO NOT attempt to determine lab type
- clothing/equipment may be contaminated evidence, consult with HazMat and PD to verify
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Upon DISCOVERY of any type of lab…make following notifications:
ChiefS.Have.No.Brains C-Chiefs /BC/DC H-haz mat response N-NYPD B-BFI
If members discover FIREARMS, AMMUNITION, and/or possible INCENDIARY devices:
DO NOT ATTEMPT TO HANDLE OR MOVE ANY firearm, ammunition or incendiary devices
- NOTIFY IC
- consider firearm loaded and dangerous
- NOTIFY NYPD AND BFI
- If consistent with safety ,assign members to safeguard evidence from a SAFE DISTANCE..
- evidence only handle by NYPD or BFI, as well as disposal of dangerous articles
While operating at suspected/confirmed Explosive device, members shall be guided by 2 major considerations?
- SAFETY of public and members of Dept.
- safeguarding and preservation of evidence
FDNY PERSONNEL should be under COMPLETE CONTROL and JURISDICTION OF FDNY IC AT ALL TIMES (even though we may not be in command)
Upon arrival for a suspected explosive device, personnel and equipment should be located in safe location, strategically positioned for quick deployment with open lines of communication , keeping in mind possible POWER FAILURES resulting in Elevator and Fire pump failure …Apparatus should be located to avoid HEAVY WINDOW glass fallout..APPARATUS staging areas should be SURVEYED (not search) for potential secondary devices
HT and CELL PHONE shall NOT BE USED WITHIN 150 FEET OF SUSPECTED DEVICE( COMM 8 “ vehicles”)
Apparatus , Marine Post radios NOT operated within 300 feet of suspected device
- evacuate persons from exposed areas
- ICP and staging area, OUT OF LINE OF SIGHT…REQUEST LAW ENFORCEMENT TO SEARCH THESE AREAS FOR SECONDARY DEVICES
- assume that if you can see device, you are operating in POTENTIAL KILL ZONE
- be aware of secondary device and SURVEY all areas of operation (NOT SEARch), if one is discovered, notify IC, withdraw members
**if explosion occurs, stay DOWN, to minimize effects of the negative shock wave **
If secondary devices are found or suspected by members of department,?
NOTIFY IC
-withdraw members and request LAW ENFORCEMENT to investigate
**MEMBERS shall REFRAIN FROM ENTERING STRUCTURE OR BUILDING TO SEARCH FOR EXPLOSIVE DEVICES **
If NYPD bomb squad CONFIRMS presence of explosive device, FDNY IC shall notify ?
FIRE MARSHALS and request resources necessary to address required evacuations and the aftermath of the potential detonation/destruction
Always assume if you can see the device , you are ?
-operating in the KILL ZONE
if explosion occurs, STAY DOWN
ENGINE COMPANIES should identify HYDRANTS on water mains other than those near the device…DEP requested if necessary
-make contact with personnel from affected buildings, WITHIN LIMITS OF SAFETY
When FDNy is requested to an incident where the NYPD is already operating, the FDNY IC, shall select a staging area remote from the scene and ENSURE NYPD IC and FDNY UNIT ARE NOTIFIED …
responding units shall report to THIS DESIGNATED STAGING AREA
POST DETONATION , IC:
use PLAIN LANGUAGE on DEPT. RADIO
- NOTIFY DISPATCH AND ADVISE INCOMING UNITS EXPLOSION HAS OCCURRED
- MIXER ON
Following info shall be transmitted ? post detonation
A. what has exploded
B. if building is involved , height, dimensions, construction
C. Approx. number injured
D. REquest additional units or transmit signals
B.E.A.N B-building involved E-exploded A-additional units N-number of injured
Safety of members :
- Don PPE
- Do NOT don SCBA facepiece unless there are INDICATIONS of respiratory danger based on victim reaction (SLUDGEM) or METER READINGS
- Reduced vision while wearing a facepiece could be issue
- do not approach suspects remains or explosives still on scene…they may be undetonated or partially detonated explosives or secondary device present
- be aware a victim may be suspect
- refrain from opening doors , lockers , pails
FDNY members assigned to a staging area MUST ALSO CONDUCT A THOROUGH SURVEY OF THE AREA TO ENSURE ALL THREATS AND SUSPICIOUS OBJECTS ARE IDENTIFIED AND MITIGATED
IF MEMBERS encounter an ACTIVE SHOOTER/SNIPER…PD NOT ON SCENE…they should?
- IMMEDIATELY WITHDRAW
- withdrawal not possible SEEK COVER
- REQUEST FORTHWITH PD RESPONSE
PROVIDE FOLLOWING INFO:
A. Number, location , description of shooters
B. TYPE of weapon in use
C. Number and location of victims/hostages
D. Communication method used by shooters, if apparent (cellphone/radios)
concealment: obstacle that hides your EXACT LOCATION but can be penetrated
HARD COVER: area IMPENETRABLE to ballistic weapons
Sheetrock= concealment
Concrete=hard cover
FD operation at an ACTIVE SHOOTER INCIDENT, NYPD ON THE SCENE ALREADY ?
- confer with NYPD
- alert incoming units to active shooter incident
- stage in COLD ZONE, behind hard cover and out of line of sight of any building with shooter
- FD members shall NOT operate in WARM ZONE (NEVER IN HOT ZONE) unless REQUESTED BY NYPD for LIFE SAFETY…must be APPROVED BY DEPUTY CHIEF, in consultation with STAFF CHIEF
- FD members, victims, hostages escorted by NYPD in and out of incident location
- before entry, NYPD will brief personnel
Zone Threat Designations :
NO FDNY PERSONNEL WILL OPERATE IN HOT ZONE AT ACTIVE SHOOTER INCIDENT
Hot zone: KNOWN HAZARD, where perps are shooting, roaming free or engaged by law enforcement…IEDS may be present…NO FDNY PERSONNEL WILL OPERATE IN HOT ZONE…only LAW ENFORCEMENT
WARM ZONE: cleared area, DELIBERATELY SEARCHED BY LAW enforcement , contains NO identifiable threats , but HAS NOT BEEN DECLARED a Cold Zone…FDNY for LIFE SAFETY OPS ONLY and ESCORTED BY NYPD , OPERATING UNDER THEIR SECURITY …may be MORE THAN ONE WARM ZONE
Warm corridor: route cleared and under NYPD control for escorted entry and egress of first responders and for victims to and from warm zone
COLD ZONE: normal risk due to geographic distance from threat , or area has been SECURED by NYPD …command post, staging , medical triage, treatment , transportation located in COLD ZONE
If CONFRONTED by NYPD officer to verify identity ?
CHALLENGE SITUATION :
- comply with commands of law enforcement
- remain MOTIONLESS (no sudden movement)
- DO NOT turn body unless instructed
- VERBALLY IDENTIFY yourself …MEMBER OF FDNY, NAME AND RANK
- await the command of law enforcement to resume operations
Active Shooter Incident is ?
SINGLE COMMAND…NYPD
FDNY will provide pre hospital emergency care and support NYPD with available building info
More complex: active shooter using FIRE AND SMOKE…UNIFIED COMMAND
EMERGENCY CASUALTY CARE:
- rapidly identify CRITICAL VICTIMS AND ADDRESS LIFE THREATENING INJURIES
- *primary focus is IDENTIFICATION/TREATMENT/REMOVAL OF RED TAG PATIENTS
- IN ACTIVE SHOOTER, MOST COMMON INJURIES ARE BLEEDING AND AIRWAY OBSTRUCTION
RAPID restoration of FIRE SUPPRESSION SYSTEMS by FDNY may take place IN ?
WARM ZONE —under NYPD PROTECTION
- consult with building engineers to gain information on sprinkler and standpipe systems , location of control and shutoff valves , location of section valves and use of HEATING , Ventilation , and AC (HVAC)systems
- terrorist will use FIRE as WEAPON
FIRE UNITS should respond to the POI (POINT OF IMPACT) and Triage Transfer point with the following equipment.
- meters
- skeds
- tourniquets
- triage bags
- cfr equipment
–do not approach suspect’s remains or explosive on the scene, may detonated/partially detonate or secondary device
opening the victim’s airway by repositioning their head ONCE TO ASSES FOR RESPIRATIONS
RAPID EVACUATION
- rapid evacuation of critical victims(RED) from POI
- verbal hand signals to direct ambulatory victims where to go (GREEN TREATMENT AREA)
- DECEASED (BLACK TAG) LEFT IN PLACE
URGENT –orange tags(life threatening )
non life threats - yellow tags (non life threatening )
FIRST ARRIVING ENGINE..
POI
-first unit on scene, confirm location of POI (PLAIN LANGUAGE)
-CONSIDER transmitting 10-60
-establish water supply, stretch precautionary 2 1/2” hose line and when necessary , KNOCK DOWN FIRE THREATENING VICTIMS
-while stretching line, if ladder is not on scene, engine should ENTER POI and determine following :
-number of victims
-initial location of ICP
-initial location of triage transfer point
-preferred
- routes for evacuation and removal of victims (RESCUE CORRIDOR )
relay above info for ECC to dispatcher (SAME FOR 1ST TRUCK, if they are first on scene…relay to LCC)
If there is NO THREAT OF FIRE, remove SKEDS AND CFR EQUIPMENT for the use in POI
–IF THERE IS NO EMS UNITS AT TRIAGE TRANSFER, THEN PROCEED WITH TRIAGE OF CRITICAL VICTIMS
ONLY DECEASED VICTIMS shall be tagged in POI
2ND engine ..
- water supply
- remove skeds/cfr equipment
- assist in triage
- Utilize skeds to assist in the removal of victims
- *2nd engine OFFICER must remain at the TRIAGE TRANSFER POINT and assume control until relieved by a BATTALION CHIEF **
FIRST ARRIVING LADDER.
- if first unit, confirm POI
- consider 10-60
- remove METERS, SKEDS/TOURNIQUETS
- if incident involves subway system, set up CORE RELAY
- ONLY DECEASED VICTIMS TAGGED IN POI
- Give verbal commands and hand signals to ambulatory victims
- use skeds to remove victims from POI to triage transfer point
- *if there is NO EMS UNIT at TRIAGE TRANSFER POINT, then a MEMBER must remain with patients at the location until relieved, ensuring continuity of care, member may be relieved by :
- EMS PERSONNEL
- A CFR UNIT
- if distance to triage transfer point is too long, 1st LADDER company may establish a PATIENT RELAY POINT (PRP), where they will transfer each victim to 2nd LADDER COMPANY (2nd ladder will give 1st ladder empty skeds)
note: patients must not be left alone at any location
**if numerous victims need removal the 1st ladder company officer must notify FDNY IC for assistance, if IC not on scene, request help from 2nd LADDER or 1st ENGINE (if not involved in fire suppression)
2ND LADDER..
- position apparatus, DO NOT Block patients removal corridor or medial transport corridor
- assist or provide relief at POI
- remove METERS/SKEDS/TOURNIQUETS
- report to triage transfer point and assist in removal of victims
nOTE: if incident involves SUBWAY system, the 1st arriving ladder company is responsible for CORE relay, the 2nd ladder must now conduct RECONNAISSANCE
Extinguish fire IMPACTING LIFE - no need to extinguish nuisance fires
members shall not attempt to move firearm, ammunition or incendiary device
PRIORITY REMOVAL IS RED TAG PATIENTS
The FDNY IC and MEDICAL BRANCH DIRECTOR shall be updated every 15 MINUTES with the number of RED TAG PATIENTS REMAINING AT THE TRIAGE TRANSFER POINT and any need for additional resources for transportation
Resources at the point of impact should identify those most critically injured . these victims are then removed to the Triage Transfer point via the rescue corridor where they shall be triaged and tagged. RED TAGE PATIENTS will be moved directly to the Transportation Sector , via the Patient removal corridor , where they will be IMMEDIATELY transported to medical are facilities …remaining patients removed to appropriate Treatment areas for ongoing triage and transport
HEMORRHAG/AIRWAY CONTROL is lifesaving medical intervention applied at POI
- identify victims requiring rapid extrication (sever hemoragging, amputation , comprised airway)
- apply hemorrhage controls (tourniquet ) and /or airway management on these patients
ASSESSMENT ..
-if suspicious device is discovered on A VICTIM during assessment, immediately cease assessment , NOTIFY IC, LAW ENFORCEMENT AND ALL FIRST RESPONDERS and evacuate forthwith
When operation at POI , secondary detonation is always possible….therefore goals are to limit member operating time in this area while triaging and removing as many critical victims as possible to the TRIAGE TRANSFER POINT.
OPENING VICTIM’S AIRWAY BE REPOSITIONING THEIR HEAD ONCE TO ASSESS FOR RESPIRATIONS
-control massive hemorrhaging of a viable victim to save life..may entail use of tourniquet
INCIPIENT FIRES CAN BE IGNORED IF NOT A THREAT TO VICTIMS AND FIRST RESPONDERS
