ERP A2- Underground Transit Flashcards
4 types of chemical agents?
nerve, blister, blood , chocking agents
Nerve?
FRUITY
no odor- sarin, vx
outward signs- respiratory , convulsions, S-L-U-D-G-E-M
TABUN-FRUITY
SARIN-NO ODOR
VX-NO ODOR
SOMAN-CAMPHOR/FRUIT
Blister Agents?
Garlic
Examples- mustard , lewisite
outward signs- do not appear for sever hours- skin blistering
NITROGEN MUSTARD-FISHY, MUSTY
SULFUR MUSTARD-GARLIC, MUSTARD
LEWISITE- GERANIUMS
Blood (Pulmonary) Agents?
CYAN
BURNT ALMONDS
Examples-hydrogen cyanide, cyanogen chloride
outward signs-gasping for air,convulsions
Choking Agents?
Chlorine or GRASS
examples-chlorine, ammonia, phosgene
outward signs-gasping for air, eye irritation
PHOSGENE-MUSKY HAY
CL GAS-BLEACH
Outward warning signs of chemical attack…?
a. presence of suspicious spray devices or cylinders
b. unusual odors
c. presence of suspicious powders, gels, liquids
d. mists or vapor clouds
Safe Refuge Area is in the ..?
Contamination Reduction Zone (warm zone)
- outside hotline
- decontamination areas
Casualty collection point is located in ?
Support Zone
- staging area
- ICP (away from ventilation gratings and upwind of incident)
UNAFFECTED trains between stations should be moved to an UNCONTAMINATED STATION with entering contaminated areas
- shut off HVAC system to prevent spread of contaminants
- cover sidewalk gratins with tarps, sheets, plastic, rugs, etc.
- shut down HVAC systems of all trains in contaminated area to prevent air intake of contaminants
if the chemical release occurs on TRAIN BETWEEN STATION
- MTA will continue the train to the closest station and keep the train HVAC system on while in transit
- receiving station should be evacuated prior to arrival of the contaminated train
- train will be evacuated upon arrival and victims proceed to mass decontamination areas
- all trains should be prevented from entering/passing now decontaminated station
Members are NOT to enter subway…where?
visible persons are UNRESPONSIVE
Members should assist SELF-EVACUATING civilians using bunker gear and scba…
- force/remove gates, fences/obstructions
- direct evacuees to SAFE REFUGE AREA for DECON ASSESSMENT (use apparatus PA system, bullhorn, sign, barrier tape )
Rescue involves…
- NON AMBULATORY/TRAPPED VICTIMS
- Members attempting rescue of civilians may require a higher level of protection
First Arriving Ladder Company…TEAM 1…EVHA
*if dispersal device is still operational, first alarm units shall make NO ATTEMPT to stop the device…responders shall immediately retreat and proceed directly to Gross Decontamination…Bunker gear is not satisfactory protection against the concentrations of agents
members operating in bunker gear, shall NOT PROCEED IN THE EXCLUSION ZONE ANY FARTHER THAN THE FARTHEST LIVE VICTIM WHEN PERFORMING HAZARD ASSESSMENT OR RESCUE OF AMBULATORY VICTIMS
Evacuation/Hazard Assessment - EVHA
- Officer and 2 FF’s (do NOT enter subway where visible persons are unresponsive)
- if members come across unresponsive victims, indicating life threat- notify IC AND RETREAT IMMEDIATELY TO BE DECONTAMINATED
Initial Hazard Assessment: if live victims can be seen/hear-make RAPID assessment (use route that does not impede the victims evacuation )
- identify source
- relay hazard assessment to IC
Evacuation:
- direct victims to SAFE REFUGE AREA
- assist evacuation-remove barriers/force gates
- MARK ROUTE for CPC entry/rescue with SEARCH ROPES
FIRST ARRIVING LADDER…TEAM 2…BU…BACK UP
BACK UP
-in addition to directing evacuation- 2 FF’s will back up Team 1
and
establish communications with IC until relieved by first arriving CPC unit
First arriving LCC…
apparatus placement/coordinate with other units
-assist in communications relay
First arriving LCC…
apparatus placement/coordinate with other units
-assist in communications relay
Second Arriving Ladder Company
- limit site access, remaining outside Exclusion Zone
- ESTABLISH initial CRZ using tape or utility rope
- ESTABLISH Contamination reduction corridor
- direct ambulatory victims from SRA to Emergency Gross Decon
- Bring Stokes/Stretcher/Sked with utility rope to drag NON-AMBULATORY victims to Gross Decon area
Second Truck- TEAM 1 Evacuation to Gross Decon
- direct ambulatory victims to SRA, to Gross Decon
- assist NON-AMBULATORY victims to the Gross Decon Area using STOKES
Second TRUCK- TEAM 2: SITE ACCESS CONTROL
- definite initial Exclusion Zone with RED tape
- establish CRZ
- establish Contamination Reduction Corridor
Second LCC…
- position Apparatus out of hazard area
- establish physical barriers using tape, apparatus, cones, signs
- ASSIST team 1 and team 2
First Engine…
- stage apparatus away from subway entrances/gratings, but near enough for Gross Decon
- position near ACCESS/EGRESS points of FIRST arriving LADDER performing assessment
- decon ambulatory victims
- direct decontaminate persons to CCP
- -provide ESTIMATE number of victims to IC*
- **-inform 2nd TRUCK and IC of collapsing victims exiting subway to Gross Decon
2nd/3rd Engines…
- 2nd/3rd/4th engines may operate (at different subway entrances) independently –to insure DECON facilities
- PERFORM CFRD duties
Who may perform Noxious Stimulus Triage?
any CPC member or above
NST -Noxious Stimulus Triage…Victims response to….
voice/touch-likely to survive and should be REMOVED from area IMMEDIATELY
only pain-survival may be possible- but requires immediate ADVANCED medical treatment ( in a mass casualty incident the large number of victims may require that rescue efforts focused on saving those victims with a better chance of survival )
does not respond to pain- leave victim and proceed to next victim (not likely to survive)
deceased- left in place (UNLESS MOVEMENT OF SUCH VICTIM IS NECESSARY TO RESCUE ADDITIONAL VICTIMS OR TO MITIGATE HAZARDS)
Who may begin IMMEDIATE MONITORING activities?
SOC SUPPORT LADDERS- support visual assessments of 1st/2nd trucks
WORRIED WELL
- ambulatory person who are exhibiting NO SIGNS/SYMPTOMS of exposure, but are requesting treatment either due to fear or DELAYED effects of chemical agents
- number of worried well likely to be SEVERAL times number of persons actually affected
All chemical agents , EXCEPT HYDROGEN CYANIDE are HEAVIER THAN AIR .
CHEMICAL AGENTS - IMMEDIATE SIGNS…exception MUSTARDS /PHOSGENE will have delayed effects
Nerve agent –fruity odor (not all…e.g. SARIN -NO ODOR)
