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MCBM > Epithelium and Glands > Flashcards

Epithelium and Glands Flashcards

1
Q

Where are three places you can find epithelia

A
  1. external surfaces
  2. luminal surfaces: GI tract, respiratory tract, endothelium in blood vessels
  3. glands:
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2
Q

What are 4 major characteristic of epithelia

A
  1. No (little) ECM
  2. free apical surface
  3. Avascular (diffusion)
  4. Has basal lamina
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3
Q

What are types of epithelium

A
  • Simple; 1 layer
  • Stratified: 2 layers
    1. Squamous: flat
    2. cuboidal: cubed
    3. columnar: taller
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4
Q

Endothelium and mesothelium are ___ ____epithelium

A

simple squamous- lines blood vessels; all serous membranes- lines body cavities ; peritonuem etc

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5
Q

Simple ____

A

cuboidal; line ducts

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6
Q

Skin is ____squamous

A

stratified; great barrier for protection

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7
Q

Psudo _____columnar is found along:

A

stratified; trachea and bronchi; not everything goes to surface

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8
Q

_____epithelium is generally for:

A

urinary tract; changes depending on how it is stretched.

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9
Q

Shape is always based on ____cell not basal

A

luminal surface

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10
Q

Eosin stains ____

A

dark; collagen fibers

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11
Q

Stratified squamous lines:

A

esophagus, anal canal, distal vagina and urethra

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12
Q

If every single cell is reaching the BM then it is a ____stratified epithelium

A

psuedo; tends to be found along airways, so there will be cilia on apical surface

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13
Q

Microvilli inc ___area

A

surface; specialization for absorption

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14
Q

What are stereocilia

A

just extra long microvilli; not cilia

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15
Q

What are cilia

A

much longer than microvilli; more than just a dark line. Can see microtubules

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16
Q

What is the difference between looking at microvilli and cilia

A
  1. In cilia in EM you can see cytoskeletal components inside

2. Much longer; it looks more hairy instead of a dark line

17
Q

Cilia has microtubules that consist of _____ and a basal body that consists of ____

A

axoneme; centrioles (9 triplets and no central microtubule)

18
Q

Flagella are in ____and cillia are found in _____tract

A

sperm; respiratory; anything that helps make it move.

19
Q

What are lateral surface junctional complexes

A
  1. Occluding (tight junctions): near apical border; interactions between proteins bet proteins of adjacent cells. form in complexes that form lines.
  2. Desmosomes (Adherens):
  3. Gap junction: communicating, that creates a pore that allows small molecules and signaling molecules to travel through. Occur in clusters.
20
Q

WHat is Pemphigus

A

autoimmune disease that attacks desmosomes

21
Q

What does basal lamina refer to

A

Seen by EM, refers to lamina rara (lamina lucida) and lamina densa

  • Produced by epithelial cells
  • Reticular fibers formed by CT
22
Q

What does basement membrane include

A

includes basal lamina and reticular fibers

23
Q

What anchor cell?

A
  1. Focal adhesions; Interact with actin cytoskeletons
  2. Hemidesmosomes: interact with intermediate filaments
    - They both use INTEGRIN transmembrane proteins
24
Q

Which junctions connect cell-cell and use cadherin protein

A
  1. Zonula adherens-use actin

2. Desmosomes- intermediate filaments

25
Q

What are glands

A

Specialized epithelium for secretion.

26
Q

What are the types of glands

A
  1. Exocrine: Secrete into lumen, ducts, or surfaces
  2. Endocrine: glands secrete into bloodstream
  3. Paracrin: glands secrete into interstitium.
27
Q

What are the types of exocrine glands

A
  1. Merocrine: Secretory vesicles containing product fuse with apical membrane; Most sustainable
  2. Apocrine: apical membrane buds off with product inside; depletes membrane
  3. Holocrine: Product is released when cell undergoes apoptosis
28
Q

Secretory products

A

Serous secretion: watery, protein rich

Mucous secretion: viscous, carbohydrate rich

29
Q

What is a goblet cell

A

find along airways and digest tract. secrete mucous that lubricate lining of lumen. Produce a mucous secretion. These are the simplest cells

30
Q

What do you have with a multicellular gland

A
  1. All epithelial derived cells that invaginate in CT that specialize into duct or gland.
  2. Name glands based on duct shape.
31
Q

What are the two types of ducts

A
  1. Simple: ducts are unbranched
  2. Compound: Ducts are branched
    - Can be tubular or alveolar-describe shape

MCBM (59 decks)

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