Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Microanatomy > Epithelium > Flashcards

Epithelium Flashcards

1
Q

Epithelial tissue

A

Covers the body surface/ lines body cavities
Avascular
Derive nutrients via diffusion from blood vessels in the underlying CT

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What is the function of epithelial tissue cells in the intestine?

A

Absorption

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What is the function of epithelial tissue cells in glands?

A

Secretion

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What is the function of epithelial tissue cells in the skin?

A

Protection

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What is the function of epithelial tissue cells in the neuroepithelium?

A

Sensory

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What is the function of epithelial tissue cells in the myoepithelial?

A

Contractility

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Basement Membrane

A

Separates the epithelial tissue from CT
Basal lamina, collagen, glycoproteins and heparin sulphate form the BM
PAS-positive and seen with LM

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

How can you classify epithelium?

A

Simple, stratified, and pseudostratified

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Simple Epithelium

A

All cells life on the basal lamina
3 types: squamous, cuboidal and columnar

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Stratified Epithelium

A

Has more than one layer and cell on the bottom layer lie on the basal lamina
4 types of stratified: squamous cuboidal, columnar and transitional

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Pseudostratified

A

All cells lie on the basal lamina but appear stratified because their nuclei are in different locations

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What can change the epithelium from one type to another?

A

A continuous abrasion or irritation.
Ex: stratified squamous non-keratinized to keratinized in the esophagus when milk diet is replaced by roughage in young animals
Or
Pathological change
Ex: pseudo-stratified columnar to stratified squamous in respiratory tract because of continuous smoke inhalation (metaplasia)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What is the most prevalent epithelium?

A

stratified squamous (keratinized or nonkeratinized)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

How often is epithelia replaced?

A

Continuously replaced but the rate of replacement is variable

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Microvilli

A

1 micrometer high and 80 nm wide
Function: increase the surface area of absorptive cells (intestine and kidney) by 15-40 times
ABSORPTION

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Brush border

A

Microvilli grouped together, individual microvilli cannot be seen under the LM
AKA striated border

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Stereocilia

A

10- 20 um
Long immotile microvilli
Present in the epididymus
Function: absorb testicular fluid

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Cilia

A

Hair like processes 7-10um high, 0.2 um diameter
Consists of 2 central microtubules and 9 peripheral microtubule pairs
Function: moving cells and fluid past the cells

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

What does each peripheral microtubule pair have?

A

2 little dynein arms and a motor protein that used energy from ATP to hook up the next pair of microtubules

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Kartagener Syndrome (Immotile Cilia Syndrome)

A

When a patient genetically lacks dynein arms
They’re infertile
More prone to respiratory syndrome

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Flagellum

A

Lagrer than cilium
Present in the sperm tail

22
Q

Intercellular Junctions

A

Provide adhesions between cells and restrict movement of materials in and out of the lamina

23
Q

Junctional Complex (terminal bar)

A

Membrane-associated structures that function in cell-to cell attachment of simple epithelia
3 components: Zonula occludens, Zonula adherens, and macula adherens

24
Q

Zoluna Occudens (ZO)

A

Surrounds the entire apical circumference of adjacent cells
Function: prevents substances from moving into the intercellular space from the lumen

25
Q

Zonula adherens (ZA)

A

Intermediate Junctions
Surrounds the entire circumference of adjacent cells
Variation: fascia adherens
Function: binding of adjacent cells, linking cells to form a network

26
Q

Macula adherens (MA)

A

Desmosome
Function: Provides firm binding between cells
Well developed in the stratifed epithelia (skin)

27
Q

Hemidesmosome

A

Variation of a desmosome
Binds the epithelium with the underlying CT

28
Q

Gap Junction

A

Couple adjacent cells metabolically and electrically
Made of 6 connexins
Communication between cells of signaling molecules (ions, hormones, AMP and GMP)- coordination

29
Q

Exocrine Glands

A

Secrete via a duct on the epithelium of its origin
EX: salivary glands
Modes of secretion: Holocrine, merocrine and aponcrine

30
Q

Endocrine glands

A

Not connected to epithilial surface, no duct and secrete into the bloodstream
EX: paracrine and autocrine glands
Location: thyroid glands

31
Q

where do paracrine and autocrine glands secrete?

A

Into the local extracellular space
P: acts on nearby cells (not the ones that produce them)
A: acts on the same cell that secretes it

32
Q

Mucus secretion

A

Viscous material that protects/ lubricates cell surfaces

33
Q

Serous Secretion

A

Watery secretion that is often rich in enzymes

34
Q

Mixed Secretion

A

Contains both mucus and serous

35
Q

Merocrine cells

A

Release only secretory granules by exocytosis with no loss of cytoplasm
99% of secretion

36
Q

Apocrine cells

A

Release secretory product with some apical cytoplasm
Sweat glands in domestic animals

37
Q

Holocrine Cells

A

Release secretory product with all cytoplasmic contents (these cells die)

38
Q

What is the difference between Basil Lamina and the Basement Membrane?

A

BL is made of type 4 collagen and glycoproteins and is seen on the EM level
BM is made of basal lamina and type 1 collagen fibers and can be seen on the LM level

39
Q

Simple gland

A

Duct does not brach

40
Q

Compound gland

A

Duct branches

41
Q

What controls the secretion of hormones by the endocrine glands?

A

Metabolic factors, secretion of other hormones and the nervous system

42
Q

Ciliogenesis

A

Centrioles duplicate, each centriole moves near the apical cell membrane (now called basal body) and gives rise one cilium.

43
Q

Simple Squamous

A

C: one layer, flat, spaced out
L: blood vessels (endothelium), body cavities (mesothelium)
F: Diffusion

44
Q

Simple Cuboidal

A

C: one layer, tightly connected, cubed/ rounded
L: kidney, salivary glands, pancreas
F: Absorption
SC: microvilli

45
Q

Simple Columnar

A

L: small intestine, stomach, respiratory tract
F: secretion and absorption
C: Tall, central nuclei

46
Q

Simple Columnar Ciliated

A

L: uterus
F: ovum transport, propels particles over epithelium surface
C: Columnar, tall
SC: cilia

47
Q

Pseudostratified Columnar (ciliated)

A

C: looks like more than one layer, nuclei at different places
L: bronchus, epididymus
F: cilia propels mucus and particles to the pharynx
SC: cilia, goblet cells

48
Q

Stratified Squamous

A

C: multilayer, cuboidal based, polygonal middle, flat squamous superficial
L: oral cavity, skin, pharynx, vagina
F: Withstand abrasion and water proof
SC: keratinized or non keratinized

49
Q

What has keratinized stratified epithelium?

A

skin

50
Q

Stratified Cuboidal

A

C: multilayer, cuboidal/rounded,
L: exocrine gland ducts
F:Provides robust lining

51
Q

Stratified Transitional

A

C: 4-5 layers thick
L: bladder
F: stretch and withstand urine toxicity

52
Q

Dynein Arms

A

Motor proteins that uses energy from ATP to hook up to the next pair of micro tubules

Microanatomy (18 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions