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A&P Exam 1 > Epithelial Tissue > Flashcards

Epithelial Tissue Flashcards

1
Q

What are tissues?

A

Collections of cells and cell products that perform specific, limited functions

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2
Q

What are the 4 Types of tissues?

A
  1. Epithelial
  2. Connective
  3. Muscle
  4. Neural
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3
Q

Name 3 properties of epithelial tissue.

A
  1. Covers exposed surfaces
  2. Lines internal passageways
  3. Forms glands
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4
Q

Name 4 properties of Connective tissue

A
  1. fills internal spaces
  2. supports other tissues
  3. transports materials
  4. stores energy
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5
Q

name 2 properties of muscle tissue

A
  1. specialized for contraction
  2. skeletal muscle, heart muscle, and walls of hollow organs
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6
Q

name 1 property of neural tissue

A
  1. carries electrical signals from one part of the body to another
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7
Q

what are cell junctions?

A

points of contact between cells that hold them together

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8
Q

name 3 functions of cell junctions

A
  1. forms fluid tight seals between cells
  2. anchors cells together or to extra cellular material
  3. channels, which allow ions and molecules to pass from cell to cell within a tissue
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9
Q

name the 5 types of cell junctions

A
  1. tight junctions
  2. adherens junctions
  3. desmosomes
  4. hemidesmosomes
  5. gap junctions
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10
Q

describe the structure and function of TIGHT JUNCTIONS

A

1.form fluid tight seals between cells
2. common among epithelial cells that line the stomach, intestines, and urinary bladder

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11
Q

What are adherens junctions made of?

A

plaque

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12
Q

which 2 junctions are composed of plaque

A

adherens junctions and desmosomes

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13
Q

which junctions connect cells to extra cellular material (such as the basement membrane)

A

hemidesmosomes

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14
Q

which junctions allow cells to rapidly communicate?

A

gap junctions

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15
Q

what are the 2 structures that allow gap junctions to have rapid communcation between cells?

A
  1. connexins
  2. trans membrane protein channels
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16
Q

explain the structural differences between epithelial tissue and connective tissue

A

-epithelial tissue has MANY called that are tightly packed with little to no extra cellular matrix

-connective tissue has few scattered cells with LARGE amounts of extra cellular matrix

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17
Q

give the 2 structural features of epithelial tissue

A
  1. epithelia - layers of cells covering internal or external surfaces
  2. glands - structure that produce secretions
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18
Q

give 4 FUNCTIONS of epithelial tissue

A
  1. provide physical protection
  2. control permeability
  3. provide sensation
  4. produce specialized secretions
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19
Q

what structure of epithelial tissue produces specialized secretions?

A

glandular epithelium

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20
Q

epithelial tissue is very _______

21
Q

what are the purposes of cilia/microvilli in epithelial tissue?

A

catch debris and wave to throw it off

22
Q

what does it mean that epithelial tissue has APICAL surfaces?

A

polarity - microvilli can increase absorption or secretion

23
Q

what does APICAL mean?

A

opposite the base

24
Q

Give 3 specializations of epithelial cells

A
  1. move fluids over epithelium (protection)
  2. move fluids through epithelium (permeability)
  3. produce secretions (protection and messengers)
25
how does the epithelia maintain integrity (3 ways)
1. intercellular connections 2. attachment to the basement membrane 3. epithelial maintenance and repair
26
what are the 3(/5) cell junctions in the epithelia?
1. tight junctions 2. gap junctions 3. desmosomes
27
what are the 3 ways epithelial tissue maintains intercellular connections
1. CAMS (cell adhesion molecules - transmembrane proteins) 2. intercellular cement (proteoglycans) 3. hyaluronan (hyaluronic acid)
28
does epithelial tissue have spaces between cells ? why or why not?
NO SPACES - otherwise bacteria could get in
29
explain tight junctions.
-between 2 plasma membranes -ADHESION BELT attaches to terminal web -Prevents passage of water and solutes -isolates waste in the LUMEN
30
explain GAP junctions
-allow for rapid communication -held together by channel proteins -allows ions to pass -coordinate contractions in heart muscle
31
What do spot desmosomes do?
Tie cells together and allow for bending and twisting
32
What do hemidesmosomes do??
attach cells to basement membrane
33
Name 6 general features of epithelial tisse
1. Cells are arranged in sheets (single or multiple layers) 2. Cells are densely packed with little extracellular material 3. Many cell junctions are present 4. Epithelial cells attach to a basement membrane 5. Epithelial tissue is avascular but does have a nerve supply 6. Mitosis occurs frequently (high capacity for renewal)
34
What occurs frequently in epithelial cells? What does this indicate?
Mitosis occurs frequently = high capacity for renewal
35
What does it mean that the epithelial tissue is AVASCUALR
Does not provide nutrients
36
How are epithelia classified? (2 ways)
1. Arrangement of layers 2. Cell shape
37
What are the three variations of "arrangement of layers"
Simple, pseudostratified, stratified
38
What are the 3 variations of "shape"
Squamous, Cuboidal, columnar
39
What is a gland??
A single cell or a mass of epithelial cells adapted for secretion
40
What is an endocrine gland?
ductless-secretes hormones directly into the bloodstream
41
What is an exocrine gland?
Use DUCTS that empty at the lining epithelium DIRECTLY onto a free surface. Can only affect the local environment
42
What is a goblet cell?
Unicellular exocrine gland
43
What are 3 examples of multicellular exocrine glands?
1. Sweat glands 2. Oil glands 3. Salivary glands
44
Multicellular glands occur in __________
several different forms
45
What are the 3 classifications of the glandular epithelium??
1. Merocrine 2. Apocrine 3. Holocrine
46
What is the function of the merocrine?
Form the secretory products
47
What is the function of the apocrine?
Accumulate their secretory product at the apical surface of the secreting cell
48
What is the function of the holocrine?
accumulate the secretory product in the cytosol

A&P Exam 1 (19 decks)

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