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A&P Exam 1 > Epithelial Tissue > Flashcards

Epithelial Tissue Flashcards

1
Q

What are tissues?

A

Collections of cells and cell products that perform specific, limited functions

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2
Q

What are the 4 Types of tissues?

A
  1. Epithelial
  2. Connective
  3. Muscle
  4. Neural
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3
Q

Name 3 properties of epithelial tissue.

A
  1. Covers exposed surfaces
  2. Lines internal passageways
  3. Forms glands
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4
Q

Name 4 properties of Connective tissue

A
  1. fills internal spaces
  2. supports other tissues
  3. transports materials
  4. stores energy
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5
Q

name 2 properties of muscle tissue

A
  1. specialized for contraction
  2. skeletal muscle, heart muscle, and walls of hollow organs
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6
Q

name 1 property of neural tissue

A
  1. carries electrical signals from one part of the body to another
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7
Q

what are cell junctions?

A

points of contact between cells that hold them together

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8
Q

name 3 functions of cell junctions

A
  1. forms fluid tight seals between cells
  2. anchors cells together or to extra cellular material
  3. channels, which allow ions and molecules to pass from cell to cell within a tissue
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9
Q

name the 5 types of cell junctions

A
  1. tight junctions
  2. adherens junctions
  3. desmosomes
  4. hemidesmosomes
  5. gap junctions
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10
Q

describe the structure and function of TIGHT JUNCTIONS

A

1.form fluid tight seals between cells
2. common among epithelial cells that line the stomach, intestines, and urinary bladder

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11
Q

What are adherens junctions made of?

A

plaque

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12
Q

which 2 junctions are composed of plaque

A

adherens junctions and desmosomes

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13
Q

which junctions connect cells to extra cellular material (such as the basement membrane)

A

hemidesmosomes

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14
Q

which junctions allow cells to rapidly communicate?

A

gap junctions

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15
Q

what are the 2 structures that allow gap junctions to have rapid communcation between cells?

A
  1. connexins
  2. trans membrane protein channels
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16
Q

explain the structural differences between epithelial tissue and connective tissue

A

-epithelial tissue has MANY called that are tightly packed with little to no extra cellular matrix

-connective tissue has few scattered cells with LARGE amounts of extra cellular matrix

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17
Q

give the 2 structural features of epithelial tissue

A
  1. epithelia - layers of cells covering internal or external surfaces
  2. glands - structure that produce secretions
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18
Q

give 4 FUNCTIONS of epithelial tissue

A
  1. provide physical protection
  2. control permeability
  3. provide sensation
  4. produce specialized secretions
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19
Q

what structure of epithelial tissue produces specialized secretions?

A

glandular epithelium

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20
Q

epithelial tissue is very _______

A

polarized

21
Q

what are the purposes of cilia/microvilli in epithelial tissue?

A

catch debris and wave to throw it off

22
Q

what does it mean that epithelial tissue has APICAL surfaces?

A

polarity - microvilli can increase absorption or secretion

23
Q

what does APICAL mean?

A

opposite the base

24
Q

Give 3 specializations of epithelial cells

A
  1. move fluids over epithelium (protection)
  2. move fluids through epithelium (permeability)
  3. produce secretions (protection and messengers)
25
Q

how does the epithelia maintain integrity (3 ways)

A
  1. intercellular connections
  2. attachment to the basement membrane
  3. epithelial maintenance and repair
26
Q

what are the 3(/5) cell junctions in the epithelia?

A
  1. tight junctions
  2. gap junctions
  3. desmosomes
27
Q

what are the 3 ways epithelial tissue maintains intercellular connections

A
  1. CAMS (cell adhesion molecules - transmembrane proteins)
  2. intercellular cement (proteoglycans)
  3. hyaluronan (hyaluronic acid)
28
Q

does epithelial tissue have spaces between cells ? why or why not?

A

NO SPACES - otherwise bacteria could get in

29
Q

explain tight junctions.

A

-between 2 plasma membranes
-ADHESION BELT attaches to terminal web
-Prevents passage of water and solutes
-isolates waste in the LUMEN

30
Q

explain GAP junctions

A

-allow for rapid communication
-held together by channel proteins
-allows ions to pass
-coordinate contractions in heart muscle

31
Q

What do spot desmosomes do?

A

Tie cells together and allow for bending and twisting

32
Q

What do hemidesmosomes do??

A

attach cells to basement membrane

33
Q

Name 6 general features of epithelial tisse

A
  1. Cells are arranged in sheets (single or multiple layers)
  2. Cells are densely packed with little extracellular material
  3. Many cell junctions are present
  4. Epithelial cells attach to a basement membrane
  5. Epithelial tissue is avascular but does have a nerve supply
  6. Mitosis occurs frequently (high capacity for renewal)
34
Q

What occurs frequently in epithelial cells? What does this indicate?

A

Mitosis occurs frequently = high capacity for renewal

35
Q

What does it mean that the epithelial tissue is AVASCUALR

A

Does not provide nutrients

36
Q

How are epithelia classified? (2 ways)

A
  1. Arrangement of layers
  2. Cell shape
37
Q

What are the three variations of “arrangement of layers”

A

Simple, pseudostratified, stratified

38
Q

What are the 3 variations of “shape”

A

Squamous, Cuboidal, columnar

39
Q

What is a gland??

A

A single cell or a mass of epithelial cells adapted for secretion

40
Q

What is an endocrine gland?

A

ductless-secretes hormones directly into the bloodstream

41
Q

What is an exocrine gland?

A

Use DUCTS that empty at the lining epithelium DIRECTLY onto a free surface. Can only affect the local environment

42
Q

What is a goblet cell?

A

Unicellular exocrine gland

43
Q

What are 3 examples of multicellular exocrine glands?

A
  1. Sweat glands
  2. Oil glands
  3. Salivary glands
44
Q

Multicellular glands occur in __________

A

several different forms

45
Q

What are the 3 classifications of the glandular epithelium??

A
  1. Merocrine
  2. Apocrine
  3. Holocrine
46
Q

What is the function of the merocrine?

A

Form the secretory products

47
Q

What is the function of the apocrine?

A

Accumulate their secretory product at the apical surface of the secreting cell

48
Q

What is the function of the holocrine?

A

accumulate the secretory product in the cytosol

A&P Exam 1 (19 decks)

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