Epithelial Tissue

Question 1

tissue

Answer 1

group of cells that are similar in structure and perform a related function

Question 2

histology

Answer 2

study of tissues

Question 3

four main types of tissue

Answer 3

epithelial, connective, muscle, and nervous

Question 4

epithelial tissue

Answer 4

forms boundaries between different environments, protects, secretes, absorbs, and filters

Question 5

apical surface

Answer 5

borders open space

Question 6

basal surface

Answer 6

next to underlying connective tissue

Question 7

epithelial form

Answer 7

continuous sheets of cells held together by tight junctions and desmosomes

Question 8

polarity

Answer 8

distinct apical and basal surfaces

Question 9

support layer

Answer 9

basement membrane (basal and reticular lamina)

Question 10

avascular

Answer 10

no blood vessels

Question 11

innervated

Answer 11

supplied by nerve fibers

Question 12

regenerative

Answer 12

rapidly replaces lost cell by cell division

Question 13

6 aspects of epithelial tissue

Answer 13

form, polarity, support layer, avascular, innervated, regenerative

Question 14

purpose of epithelial tissue

Answer 14

covers body surface or lines a cavity
1. protection
2. absorption
3. filtration
4. excretion
5. secretion
6. sensory reception

Question 15

two kinds of epithelial tissue

Answer 15

simple- absorption, secretion, and filtration
stratified- protection

Question 16

classification of epithelia

Answer 16

squamous
cuboidal
columnar

Question 17

what does the nuclei look like in the different types of epithelia

Answer 17

shape of nuclei conforms to the shape of the cell

Question 18

which epithelia is best for protection?

Answer 18

stratified

Question 19

which type of epithelia is best for diffusion of gases?

Answer 19

simple

Question 20

which type of epithelia is best for sensory reception?

Answer 20

simple

Question 21

which type is best for packed layers of protection

Answer 21

squamous

Question 22

which is best for secretion

Answer 22

cuboidal or columnar

Question 23

which portion of epithelial cell in stomach would food be in contact?

Answer 23

apical surface

Question 24

structure of simple squamous

Answer 24

single layer of flattened cells
disc-shaped nuclei and sparse cytoplasm

Question 25

functions of simple squamous

Answer 25

diffusion and filtration
provides a friction-reducing lining in lymphatic and cardiovascular systems

Question 26

where is simple squamous found

Answer 26

present in lungs, kidney glomeruli, lining of heart, blood vessels, lymphatic vessels, and serosae

Question 27

endothelium

Answer 27

capillaries, lining of lymphatic vessels, blood vessels, and heart

Question 28

mesothelium

Answer 28

serous membranes lining organs and cavities

Question 29

structure of simple cuboidal

Answer 29

single layer of cube like cells
large, spherical nuclei

Question 30

functions of simple cuboidal

Answer 30

secretion and absorption

Question 31

where is simple cuboidal found?

Answer 31

kidney tubules, ducts, and secretory portions of small glands, ovary surface

Question 32

structure of simple columnar

Answer 32

single layer of tall cells
oval nuclei
many contain microvilli, some have cilia

Question 33

function of simple columnar

Answer 33

absorption and secretion of mucus
non-ciliated line entire digestive tract, gallbladder, excretory ducts
ciliated line small bronchi, uterine tubules, and part of uterus

Question 34

structure of pseudostratified columnar

Answer 34

single layer of cells
cells have different heights
nuclei are seen at different layers

Question 35

function of pseudostratified columnar

Answer 35

secretion, absorption, propulsion
non ciliated in sperm carrying ducts and ducts of glands
ciliated present in trachea, upper respiratory tract

Question 36

structure of stratified squamous

Answer 36

thick membrane composed of several layers of cells
basal are more cuboidal, apical are squamous

Question 37

function of stratified squamous

Answer 37

protection of areas subject to abrasion
keratinized cells- outer layer of skin
non-keratinized cells- moist linings of esophagus, mouth, and vagina

Question 38

structure of transitional

Answer 38

basal cells are cuboidal/columnar
surface cells are dome shaped, can stretch to squamous

Question 39

function of transitional

Answer 39

lines the urinary bladder, ureters, and part of urethra
stretches to permit the distension of the urinary bladder/greater flow through tubes

Question 40

gland

Answer 40

produces and secretes fluid

Question 41

endocrine

Answer 41

internal gland
lose their ducts during development, secrete hormones into fluid and then enter bloodstream
secrete through exocytosis

Question 42

exocrine

Answer 42

external gland
retain connecting cells, which form a duct that transports secretions to surface

Question 43

examples of endocrine glands

Answer 43

thyroid, pancreatic beta islet cells, ovaries, pituitary gland

Question 44

how do hormones travel

Answer 44

through blood and lymph vessels to other organs

Question 45

examples of exocrine glands

Answer 45

mucous, sweat, oil, saliva, bile, digestive enzymes

Question 46

goblet cell

Answer 46

unicellular gland
secretes mucin

Question 47

classifications of multicellular exocrine glands

Answer 47

simple, compound, tubular, alveolar

Question 48

modes of secretion

Answer 48

exocytosis- move contents to surface, release contents to extracellular space (duct)
cell rupture- cell fills with secretion, reaches duct, whole cell falls apart, releases contents to duct