Connective Tissue Flashcards
connective tissue
most abundant and widely distributed
4 types of connective tissue
connective tissue proper
cartilage
bone
blood
structure of connective tissue
various cell types derived from mesenchyme
nonliving extracellular (ground substance and fibers)
varying degrees of vascularization
functions of connective tissue
- binding and support
- protection
- insulation
- energy/fluid storage
- transport
ground substance
material between the cells and extracellular fibers
interstitual fluid, cell adhesion proteins, proteoglycans
3 connective tissue fibers
collagen
elastic
reticular
collagen
tough fibers provide tensile strength
elastic
long thin fibers that stretch and recoil
reticular
branched fibers that form delicate networks
which type of fiber would you expect to find at high levels of lung connective tissue?
elastic
stretch and recoil, important for lung to expand and contract with breathing
which type of fiber would you expect to find supporting around tissues of a soft organ?
reticular
branching structure supports and protects organ
which type of fiber would you expect to find in bone tissue
collagen
adds mechanical strength
which type of connective tissue has the least solid ground substance?
blood
very fluid, water surrounding blood cells
mesenchyme
embryonic connective tissue gives rise to differentiated cells
fibroblasts
connective tissue proper
chondroblasts
cartilage
osteoblasts
bone
hematopoietic stem cells (located in bone)
blood
what other cells are present in connective tissue?
adipose fat cells, white blood cells, marcrophages, and mast cells (inflammation)
types of connective tissue proper
loose- areolar, adipose, and reticular
dense- regular, irregular, and elastic
connective tissue proper: areolar
matrix- gel like with all three fiber types
cells- fibroblasts, marcrophages, mast cells, and other white blood cells
function of areolar connective tissue proper
wraps and cushions organs
base of most epithelial tissues
reservoir of H2O salts,
location of areolar connective tissue proper
widely distributed throughout body
connective tissue proper: adipose
matrix- similar to areolar, less fibers, gel like with all fiber types
cells- adipocytes
functions of adipose
energy storage
insulation
supports and protects
locations of adipose
under skin, within abdomen, breasts, and kidneys
local fat depots in highly active organs
connective tissue proper: reticular
matrix- ground substance with reticular fibers only
cells- reticular cells in fiber network
function of reticular
internal skeleton to support other cell types
location of reticular
lymph nodes, bone marrow, and spleen
connective tissue proper: dense regular
parallel collagen fibers with few elastic fibers
withstand tension in one direction
cell- fibroblast
poorly vascularized
location of dense regular
attaches muscles to bone, muscle to muscle, and bone to bone
ligaments and tendons, fascia around muscles
connective tissue proper: dense irregular
irregularly arranged collagen fibers with some elastic
cell- fibroblast
location of dense irregular
withstands tension in many directions
found in dermis, digestive tract, fibrous capsules in joints and surrounding organs
connective tissue proper: dense elastic
high amount of elastic fibers
able to recoil after stretching
location of dense elastic
ligaments, connective vertebrae, larger arteries, bronchial tube walls
what type of tissue would you find between tendons and bone and muscle?
dense regular
which type of tissue would you expect to find on kidney?
dense irreglar
fibrous covering around kidney
what type of tissue would be found in capillaries?
loose areolar
cartilage
stands up to tension and compression
made up of collagen fibers for firmness
80% tissue is fluid for rebound
resilient rigidity
what cells are cartilage made up of?
chondroblasts —> chondrocytes
lacunae
cavities for chrondocytes
hyaline cartilage
matrix- amorphous with collagen fibers
functions of hyaline cartilage
supports, reinforces, and cushions, some pliability
most abundant cartilage
location of hyaline cartilage
embryonic skeleton between ribs, end of long bones, epiphyseal plates, nose, trachea, and larynx
elastic cartilage
similar to hyaline but with more elastic fibers
maintains shape and structure while allowing flexibility
location of elastic cartilage
supports external ear (pinna) and epiglottis
fibrocartilage
matrix similar to hyaline but with thick collagen fibers
provides strength and absorbs shock
location of fibrocartilage
intervertebral discs, pubic symphysis, and menisci of knee
bone
matrix- hard, calcified with collagen fibers, vascular
cells- osteoblasts—> osteocytes
function of bone
support and protect
provides levers for muscular action
stores calcium, minerals, and fat
hematopoiesis (blood cell formation)
blood
matrix- plasma
cells- red and white blood cells (and platelets)
