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BIO 446L > Epithelial Tissue > Flashcards

Epithelial Tissue Flashcards

1
Q

Epithelial tissue cells

A

Aggregated polyhedral cells

Small amount of extracellular matrix

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2
Q

Connective tissue cells

A

Several types of fixed and wandering cells

Abundant amount of extracellular matrix

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3
Q

Muscle tissue cells

A

Elongated contractile cells

Moderate amount of extracellular matrix

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4
Q

Nervous tissue cells

A

Elongated cells with extremely fine processes

Very small amount of extracellular matrix

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5
Q

Epithelial tissue function

A

Lining of surface or body cavities; glandular secretion

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6
Q

Connective tissue function

A

Support and protection of tissues/organs

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7
Q

Muscle tissue function

A

Strong contraction; body movements

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8
Q

Nervous tissue function

A

Transmission of nerve impulses

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9
Q

General Function of Cytoskeleton

A

Structural: Structural support to cell; stabilizes junctions between cells

Movement: Assists in cytosol streaming and cell motility

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10
Q

Tight Junction

A

Cytoskeletal components: Actin filaments encircling the entire cell

Functions: Seals adjacent cells to one another, controlling passage of molecules between them; separates apical and basolateral membrane domains

(6-pack rings)

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11
Q

Adherent Junction

A

Cytoskeletal components: Actin filaments located right beneath tight junction

Functions: Provides points linking the cytoskeletons of adjacent cells; strengthens and stabilizes nearby tight junctions

(6-pack rings)

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12
Q

Desmosome

A

Cytoskeletal components: Intermediate filaments

Functions: Provides points of strong intermediate filament coupling between adjacent cells, strengthening their tissue

(Spot weld)

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13
Q

Hemidesmosome

A

Cytoskeletal components: Intermediate filaments

Functions: Anchors cytoskeleton to the basal lamina (basement membrane)

(Spot weld)

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14
Q

Gap Junction

A

Cytoskeletal components: None

Functions: Allows direct transfer of small molecules and ions from one cell to another as a way to communicate

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15
Q

Simple Squamous

A

Function: Facilitates the movement of the viscera (mesothelium), active transport by pinocytosis, secretion of biologically active molecules

Examples: Lining of vessels (endothelium); Serous lining of cavities: pericardium, pleura, peritoneum (mesothelium)

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16
Q

Simple Cuboidal

A

Function: Covering and secretion

Example: Covering the ovary, thyroid

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17
Q

Simple Columnar

A

Function: Protection, lubrication, absorption, secretion

Example: Lining of intestine, gallbladder

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18
Q

Stratified Squamous keratinized (dry)

A

Function: Protection; prevents water loss

Example: Epidermis

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19
Q

Stratified Squamous nonkeratinized (moist)

A

Function: Protection; secretion; prevents water loss

Example: Mouth, esophagus, larynx, vagina, anal canal

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20
Q

Stratified Cuboidal

A

Function: Protection; secretion

Example: Sweat glands, developing ovarian follicles

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21
Q

Stratified Transitional

A

Function: Protection, distensibility (the capacity to swell as a result of pressure from inside)

Example: Bladder, uterus, renal calyces

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22
Q

Stratified Columnar

A

Function: Protection

Example: Conjunctiva

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23
Q

Pseudostratified

A

Function: Protection, secretion; cilia-mediated transport of particles trapped in mucus out of the air passages

Examples: Lining of trachea, bronchi, nasal cavity

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24
Q

Goblet cells

A

unicellular glands that are simply scattered secretory cells.

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25
Q

Simple Glands

A

Exocrine glands with ducts that do not branch

Simple Tubular, Branched Tubular, Coiled Tubular, Acinar (or Alveolar), Branched Acinar

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26
Q

Compound Glands

A

Exocrine glands with ducts from several secretory units that converge into larger ducts

Tubular, Acinar, Tubuloacinar

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27
Q

Simple Tubular

A

A class of simple exocrine glands with elongated secretory portion; duct usually short or absent

Examples: Mucous glands of colon, intestinal glands or crypts

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28
Q

Branched Tubular

A

A class of simple exocrine glands with several long secretory parts joining to drain into one duct.

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29
Q

Coiled Tubular

A

A class of simple exocrine glands where the secretory portion is very long and coiled

Example: Sweat glands

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30
Q

Acinar or Alveolar (Simple)

A

A class of simple exocrine glands that have a rounded, saclike secretory portion

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31
Q

Branched Acinar

A

A class of simple exocrine glands with multiple saclike secretory parts entering the same duct

Example: Sebaceous glands of the skin

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32
Q

Tubular

A

A class of compound exocrine glands with several elongated coiled secretory units and their ducts converge to form larger ducts

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33
Q

Acinar or Alveolar (Compound)

A

A class of compound exocrine glands that have several saclike secretory units with small ducts converging at a larger duct

Example: Exocrine pancreas

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34
Q

Tubuloacinar

A

A class of compound exocrine glands that have ducts of both tubular and acinar secretory units that converge at larger ducts

Example: Salivary glands

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35
Q

Mechanisms of exocrine gland secretion

A

Merocrine, Holocrine, and Apocrine

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36
Q

Holocrine glands

A

Exocrine glands where cells disintegrate and the contents become secretion; involves cell disruption; involved in common form of acne

Example: Sebaceous gland of hair follicle

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37
Q

Apocrine glands

A

Exocrine glands where the apical portion of secretory cell is pinched off and secreted

Example: Mammary gland

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38
Q

Merocrine glands

A

Most common exocrine glands secretion where secretory vessels release contents by exocytosis; exocrine glands with merocrine secretion are either serous or mucous according to their secretory products, which give distinct staining to the cells.

Example: Salivary glands

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39
Q

Serous cells

A

synthesize proteins such as digestive enzymes, that are not glycosylated proteins

Filled apically with secretory granules

Well-developed RER and Golgi complexes.

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40
Q

Mucous cells (e.g., goblet cells)

A

Glycosylated proteins* (=glycoproteins) called
mucins.

Well-developed RER and Golgi complexes.

Lots of secretory granules

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41
Q

Absorption

A

the process of transport from an organ or duct’s lumen to capillaries near the epithelial basement membrane.

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42
Q

Secretion

A

Involves transport in the other direction from the
capillaries into a lumen, as in many glands. Secretion by epithelial cells removes water from the neighboring interstitial fluid or plasma and releases it as part of the specialized aqueous fluids in such organs.

43
Q

What causes acne?

A

Excessive secretion of the sebaceous glands.

44
Q

Serous and mucous glands have which type(s) of product secretion?

A

Both are merocrine.

45
Q

What separates the sheet of epithelial cells from other tissues?

A

Basement membrane

46
Q

Serous glands produce mostly

A

Non-glycosylated proteins

47
Q

Which type of secretion do sebaceous glands have?

48
Q

Loss of the microvilli of absorptive cells in the small intestine may be caused by

A

Gluten-sensitive enteropathy

49
Q

What are two changes in respiratory tract cells associated with chronic bronchitis?

A

Increase in number of goblet cells and conversion of ciliated pseudostratified epithelium into stratified squamous epithelium

50
Q

Given the structure of a cilium, you would not expect to find cilia on which of these types of epithelial tissue?

A

Stratified squamous keratinized epithelium

51
Q

Stereocilia

A

Stereocilia are less common on tissues than cilia are, they are not actively motile, and they are longer than microvilli.

Move cells and fluids along a tube

52
Q

A major difference between exocrine and endocrine glands is that

A

Exocrine glands have ducts and endocrine glands do not.

53
Q

Endothelium is a type of epithelial tissue that lines the inner surface of blood vessels, and regulates passage of substances into the tissue below. Endothelium is composed of cells with what type of arrangement and shape?

A

Simple squamous

54
Q

Which type of molecule are epithelial cell junctions made of?

55
Q

In some types of food poisoning, the toxin secreted by Clostridium perfringens binds proteins associated with ________________, and causes loss of tissue fluid into the intestinal lumen.

A

Tight junctions

56
Q

Mucus is formed by hydrated mucins, which in turn are glycosylated proteins. What is glycosylation?

A

The process of adding a polysaccharide to another molecule such as a protein or lipid.

57
Q

Which of these is a diagnostic or necessary characteristic of simple epithelium?

A

It is composed of a single cell layer.

58
Q

The simple and compound gland types are distinguished according to what criterion?

A

Whether or not the ducts branch

59
Q

Features of urothelium

A

It is distensible, it has a layer of umbrella cells, it lines much of the urinary tract

60
Q

Where is stratified cuboidal epithelium found?

A

Excretory ducts of salivary and sweat glands.

61
Q

Reversed prompt

Aggregated polyhedral cells

Small amount of extracellular matrix

A

Epithelial tissue cells

62
Q

Reversed prompt

Several types of fixed and wandering cells

Abundant amount of extracellular matrix

A

Connective tissue cells

63
Q

Reversed prompt

Elongated contractile cells

Moderate amount of extracellular matrix

A

Muscle tissue cells

64
Q

Reversed prompt

Elongated cells with extremely fine processes

Very small amount of extracellular matrix

A

Nervous tissue cells

65
Q

Reversed prompt

Lining of surface or body cavities; glandular secretion

A

Epithelial tissue function

66
Q

Reversed prompt

Support and protection of tissues/organs

A

Connective tissue function

67
Q

Reversed prompt

Strong contraction; body movements

A

Muscle tissue function

68
Q

Reversed prompt

Transmission of nerve impulses

A

Nervous tissue function

69
Q

Reversed prompt

Structural: Structural support to cell; stabilizes junctions between cells

Movement: Assists in cytosol streaming and cell motility

A

General Function of Cytoskeleton

70
Q

Reversed prompt

Cytoskeletal components: Actin filaments encircling the entire cell

Functions: Seals adjacent cells to one another, controlling passage of molecules between them; separates apical and basolateral membrane domains

(6-pack rings)

A

Tight Junction

71
Q

Reversed prompt

Cytoskeletal components: Actin filaments located right beneath tight junction

Functions: Provides points linking the cytoskeletons of adjacent cells; strengthens and stabilizes nearby tight junctions

(6-pack rings)

A

Adherent Junction

72
Q

Reversed prompt

Cytoskeletal components: Intermediate filaments

Functions: Provides points of strong intermediate filament coupling between adjacent cells, strengthening their tissue

(Spot weld)

73
Q

Reversed prompt

Cytoskeletal components: Intermediate filaments

Functions: Anchors cytoskeleton to the basal lamina (basement membrane)

(Spot weld)

A

Hemidesmosome

74
Q

Reversed prompt

Cytoskeletal components: None

Functions: Allows direct transfer of small molecules and ions from one cell to another as a way to communicate

A

Gap Junction

75
Q

Reversed prompt

Function: Facilitates the movement of the viscera (mesothelium), active transport by pinocytosis, secretion of biologically active molecules

Examples: Lining of vessels (endothelium); Serous lining of cavities: pericardium, pleura, peritoneum (mesothelium)

A

Simple Squamous

76
Q

Reversed prompt

Function: Covering and secretion

Example: Covering the ovary, thyroid

A

Simple Cuboidal

77
Q

Reversed prompt

Function: Protection, lubrication, absorption, secretion

Example: Lining of intestine, gallbladder

A

Simple Columnar

78
Q

Reversed prompt

Function: Protection; prevents water loss

Example: Epidermis

A

Stratified Squamous keratinized (dry)

79
Q

Reversed prompt

Function: Protection; secretion; prevents water loss

Example: Mouth, esophagus, larynx, vagina, anal canal

A

Stratified Squamous nonkeratinized (moist)

80
Q

Reversed prompt

Function: Protection; secretion

Example: Sweat glands, developing ovarian follicles

A

Stratified Cuboidal

81
Q

Reversed prompt

Function: Protection, distensibility (the capacity to swell as a result of pressure from inside)

Example: Bladder, uterus, renal calyces

A

Stratified Transitional

82
Q

Reversed prompt

Function: Protection

Example: Conjunctiva

A

Stratified Columnar

83
Q

Reversed prompt

Function: Protection, secretion; cilia-mediated transport of particles trapped in mucus out of the air passages

Examples: Lining of trachea, bronchi, nasal cavity

A

Pseudostratified

84
Q

Reversed prompt

unicellular glands that are simply scattered secretory cells.

A

Goblet cells

85
Q

Reversed prompt

Exocrine glands with ducts that do not branch

Simple Tubular, Branched Tubular, Coiled Tubular, Acinar (or Alveolar), Branched Acinar

A

Simple Glands

86
Q

Reversed prompt

Exocrine glands with ducts from several secretory units that converge into larger ducts

Tubular, Acinar, Tubuloacinar

A

Compound Glands

87
Q

Reversed prompt

A class of simple exocrine glands with elongated secretory portion; duct usually short or absent

Examples: Mucous glands of colon, intestinal glands or crypts

A

Simple Tubular

88
Q

Reversed prompt

A class of simple exocrine glands with several long secretory parts joining to drain into one duct.

A

Branched Tubular

89
Q

Reversed prompt

A class of simple exocrine glands where the secretory portion is very long and coiled

Example: Sweat glands

A

Coiled Tubular

90
Q

Reversed prompt

A class of simple exocrine glands that have a rounded, saclike secretory portion

A

Acinar or Alveolar (Simple)

91
Q

Reversed prompt

A class of simple exocrine glands with multiple saclike secretory parts entering the same duct

Example: Sebaceous glands of the skin

A

Branched Acinar

92
Q

Reversed prompt

A class of compound exocrine glands with several elongated coiled secretory units and their ducts converge to form larger ducts

93
Q

Reversed prompt

A class of compound exocrine glands that have several saclike secretory units with small ducts converging at a larger duct

Example: Exocrine pancreas

A

Acinar or Alveolar (Compound)

94
Q

Reversed prompt

A class of compound exocrine glands that have ducts of both tubular and acinar secretory units that converge at larger ducts

Example: Salivary glands

A

Tubuloacinar

95
Q

Reversed prompt

Merocrine, Holocrine, and Apocrine

A

Mechanisms of exocrine gland secretion

96
Q

Reversed prompt

Exocrine glands where cells disintegrate and the contents become secretion; involves cell disruption; involved in common form of acne

Example: Sebaceous gland of hair follicle

A

Holocrine glands

97
Q

Reversed prompt

Exocrine glands where the apical portion of secretory cell is pinched off and secreted

Example: Mammary gland

A

Apocrine glands

98
Q

Reversed prompt

Most common exocrine glands secretion where secretory vessels release contents by exocytosis; exocrine glands with merocrine secretion are either serous or mucous according to their secretory products, which give distinct staining to the cells.

Example: Salivary glands

A

Merocrine glands

99
Q

Reversed prompt

synthesize proteins such as digestive enzymes, that are not glycosylated proteins

Filled apically with secretory granules

Well-developed RER and Golgi complexes.

A

Serous cells

100
Q

Reversed prompt

Glycosylated proteins* (=glycoproteins) called
mucins.

Well-developed RER and Golgi complexes.

Lots of secretory granules

A

Mucous cells (e.g., goblet cells)

101
Q

Reversed prompt

the process of transport from an organ or duct’s lumen to capillaries near the epithelial basement membrane.

A

Absorption

102
Q

Reversed prompt

Involves transport in the other direction from the
capillaries into a lumen, as in many glands. Secretion by epithelial cells removes water from the neighboring interstitial fluid or plasma and releases it as part of the specialized aqueous fluids in such organs.

103
Q

Reversed prompt

Stereocilia are less common on tissues than cilia are, they are not actively motile, and they are longer than microvilli.

Move cells and fluids along a tube

A

Stereocilia

104
Q

Reversed prompt

It is distensible, it has a layer of umbrella cells, it lines much of the urinary tract

A

Features of urothelium

BIO 446L (22 decks)

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