Adipose Tissue Flashcards
Adipocytes
the characteristic cells of adipose tissue (fat), These very large cells are derived from mesenchyme (a loose connective tissue).
Reticular fibers
support adipose tissue
Subcutaneous fat
A majority of fat that is found under the skin, for thermoregulation
Visceral fat
Fat found around certain organs, in bone marrow, between muscles, and in breast tissue. For cushioning organs such as the heart, gonads, kidneys, and intestines.
Two types of adipose tissue
Brown fat and white fat
Develop from preadipocytes
White Adipose
Produce the hormone leptin which helps inhibit hunger
Single huge lipid droplet
Fewer mitochondria
Subcutaneous and visceral
locations
Stores energy
Fewer capillaries
Fibroblasts and macrophages
Brown Adipose
Brown fat is localized to kidneys, adrenal glands, and a few other places.
Newborns have 2–5% of body weight in brown
fat, but this decreases through childhood.
The cells are brown because of the large
number of mitochondria and small lipid droplets.
Produces heat by “nonshivering thermogenesis.”
Many smaller lipid droplets
More mitochondria
Kidneys, adrenal glands, and a few other
places
More capillaries
Fibroblasts and macrophages
What three sources do white adipocytes store lipid from?
Dietary fats (including triglyerides and cholesterol) packaged as chylomicrons (a type of lipoprotein).
• Other triglycerides produced in the liver and
circulating as very-low-density lipoproteins
(VLDLs).
• Fatty acids produced locally by breakdown of the
dietary fats and triglycerides by lipoprotein lipase.
How are lipids mobilized from adipocytes?
by the enzyme lipase that is activated primarily by the
hormone norepinephrine released from the
adrenal gland.
Lipids
- Triglycerides (with fatty acids)
- Cholesterol
- Phospholipids
• These are transported through the body in
packages or particles called lipoproteins.
Triglyceride
glycerol + three fatty acid chains
Lipoprotein function
a biochemical assembly whose primary function is to transport fat molecules in water, as in blood plasma or other extracellular fluids, where they are taken into cells by endocytosis.
Lipoprotein composition
They are composed of
phospholipids, triglycerides,
proteins, and cholesterol.
Lipoprotein classification
They are classified by their density.
• ULDL (ultralow-density, largest (= chylomicrons)
• VLDL (very-low density)
• IDL (Intermediate density)
• LDL (Low density)*
• HDL (High density, smallest)*
Chylomicrons (ULDLs)
transport dietary lipids from the intestines to
other locations in the body, where the triglycerides are broken down by the enzyme lipase.
one of the five major
groups of lipoproteins (sorted by density) that enable fats and cholesterol to move within the water
-based solution of the bloodstream
Obesity
excessive adipose tissue accumulation. More fat is accumulated in the cells; the number of fat cells does not increase.
Lipid storage
Free fatty acids + glycerol -> Triglyceride droplet
Lipid mobilization
Norepinephrine + Lipase -> Fatty acids + glycerol
What is the main function of brown adipose tissue?
Thermogenesis
In routine histological sections, why is it not possible to see the lipid in the fat cells?
The solvents used to prepare the slides dissolve the lipid.
A benign fat cell tumor is called a
Lipoma
Which type of fibers form the supporting framework of white adipose tissue?
Reticular fibers
Norepinephrine stimulates a lipase that breaks down triglycerides into
Glycerol and fatty acids
Functions of adipose tissue
Energy storage
Cushioning organs
Thermogenesis
Insulation
Which type of fat is less common in the body?
Brown fat is less common (by weight) in the body than white fat.
Reversed prompt
the characteristic cells of adipose tissue (fat), These very large cells are derived from mesenchyme (a loose connective tissue).
Adipocytes
Reversed prompt
support adipose tissue
Reticular fibers
Reversed prompt
A majority of fat that is found under the skin, for thermoregulation
Subcutaneous fat
Reversed prompt
Fat found around certain organs, in bone marrow, between muscles, and in breast tissue. For cushioning organs such as the heart, gonads, kidneys, and intestines.
Visceral fat
Reversed prompt
Brown fat and white fat
Develop from preadipocytes
Two types of adipose tissue
Reversed prompt
Produce the hormone leptin which helps inhibit hunger
Single huge lipid droplet
Fewer mitochondria
Subcutaneous and visceral
locations
Stores energy
Fewer capillaries
Fibroblasts and macrophages
White Adipose
Reversed prompt
Brown fat is localized to kidneys, adrenal glands, and a few other places.
Newborns have 2–5% of body weight in brown
fat, but this decreases through childhood.
The cells are brown because of the large
number of mitochondria and small lipid droplets.
Produces heat by “nonshivering thermogenesis.”
Many smaller lipid droplets
More mitochondria
Kidneys, adrenal glands, and a few other
places
More capillaries
Fibroblasts and macrophages
Brown Adipose
Reversed prompt
Dietary fats (including triglyerides and cholesterol) packaged as chylomicrons (a type of lipoprotein).
• Other triglycerides produced in the liver and
circulating as very-low-density lipoproteins
(VLDLs).
• Fatty acids produced locally by breakdown of the
dietary fats and triglycerides by lipoprotein lipase.
What three sources do white adipocytes store lipid from?
Reversed prompt
by the enzyme lipase that is activated primarily by the
hormone norepinephrine released from the
adrenal gland.
How are lipids mobilized from adipocytes?
Reversed prompt
- Triglycerides (with fatty acids)
- Cholesterol
- Phospholipids
• These are transported through the body in
packages or particles called lipoproteins.
Lipids
Reversed prompt
glycerol + three fatty acid chains
Triglyceride
Reversed prompt
a biochemical assembly whose primary function is to transport fat molecules in water, as in blood plasma or other extracellular fluids, where they are taken into cells by endocytosis.
Lipoprotein function
Reversed prompt
They are composed of
phospholipids, triglycerides,
proteins, and cholesterol.
Lipoprotein composition
Reversed prompt
They are classified by their density.
• ULDL (ultralow-density, largest (= chylomicrons)
• VLDL (very-low density)
• IDL (Intermediate density)
• LDL (Low density)*
• HDL (High density, smallest)*
Lipoprotein classification
Reversed prompt
transport dietary lipids from the intestines to
other locations in the body, where the triglycerides are broken down by the enzyme lipase.
one of the five major
groups of lipoproteins (sorted by density) that enable fats and cholesterol to move within the water
-based solution of the bloodstream
Chylomicrons (ULDLs)
Reversed prompt
excessive adipose tissue accumulation. More fat is accumulated in the cells; the number of fat cells does not increase.
Obesity
Reversed prompt
Free fatty acids + glycerol -> Triglyceride droplet
Lipid storage
Reversed prompt
Norepinephrine + Lipase -> Fatty acids + glycerol
Lipid mobilization
Reversed prompt
Energy storage
Cushioning organs
Thermogenesis
Insulation
Functions of adipose tissue
The storage droplets in a fat cell contain:
Triglycerides
The particles formed from ingested triglycerides, phospholipids, and cholesterol are called
Chylomicrons
Hydrolysis of VLDLs in the blood capillaries forms
Free fatty acids
