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BIO 446L > Cartilage > Flashcards

Cartilage Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

Types of Cartilage

A

Hyaline, Elastic, and Fibrocartilage

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2
Q

General features of cartilage

A

Large amount of extracellular matrix with GAGs and proteoglycans

Cartilage at joints has a smooth, lubricated surface

Guides the development of many bones, specifically endochondral bones

Chondrocytes are the only type of cell in the ECM, located in lacunae

Perichondrium is a dense, vascularized connective tissue that covers cartilage except at the joints

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3
Q

Chondrocytes

A

the only type of cell in the ECM, located in the lacunae

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4
Q

Perichondrium

A

a dense, vascularized connective tissue that covers cartilage except at the joints

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5
Q

Glycosaminoglycans (mucopolysaccharides)

A

support and bind cells together

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6
Q

Glycoprotein

A

glycan (a saccharide, usually poly-) linked to a protein. A general term that includes molecules such as collagen (as a tissue), mucins, antibodies, certain hormones.

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7
Q

Proteoglycan

A

a type of glycoprotein in which the sugar is a polysaccharide containing amino sugars. Also known as glycosaminoglycans.

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8
Q

Major cells in Hyaline cartilage and presence of perichondrium

A

Chondrocytes and chondroblasts

Perichondrium present except in epiphyses and articular cartilage

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9
Q

Major cells in Elastic cartilage and presence of perichondrium

A

Chondrocytes and chondroblasts

Perichondrium present

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10
Q

Major cells in Fibrocartilage and presence of perichondrium

A

Chondrocytes and fibroblasts

Perichondrium not present

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11
Q

Main locations of Hyaline cartilage

A

Upper respiratory tract, articular ends and epiphyseal plates of long bones; fetal skeleton

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12
Q

Main locations of Elastic cartilage

A

External ear, external acoustic meatus, auditory tube; epiglottis and certain other laryngeal cartilages

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13
Q

Main locations of Fibrocartilage

A

Intervertebral discs, pubic symphysis, meniscus, and certain other joints; insertions of tendons

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14
Q

Growth hormone that regulate cartilage growth

A

Somatotropin

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15
Q

Hyaline cartilage misc.

A

Most abundant type, homogenous composition, semilucent.

Allows low-friction joint motion, supports respiratory passages,
connects ribs to sternum, and “controls” long bone growth at epiphyseal plates.

Avascular; the chondrocytes reproduce under low oxygen and glucose is metabolized anaerobically

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16
Q

Cartilage matrix

A

An extracellular matrix, ECM) is 40% collagen (type II) embedded in a gel of proteoglycans and glycoproteins.

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17
Q

Osteoarthritis

A

results from dislodged fragments of joint cartilage that trigger release of substances that cause inflammation and pain.

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18
Q

Elastic cartilage misc.

A

Similar to hyaline cartilage, but with elastic fibers in addition to collagen.

Found in auricle, walls of ear canal, Eustachian tubes, epiglottis, and respiratory tract.

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19
Q

Fibrocartilage misc.

A

Mixture of hyaline cartilage and dense connective tissue.

Reduced amount of hyaline matrix.

Found in intervertebral
discs, pubic symphysis, and certain ligaments.

Chondrocytes are often isogenous lineages that are in rows. See photos.

Fibrocartilage is tough, resists strain, but cushions also.

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20
Q

Chondrogenesis steps

A

A. Mesenchyme

B. Mitosis by chondroblasts

C. Production of matrix (ECM) by chondrocytes

D. Formation of isogenous cell aggregates

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21
Q

How does cartilage form?

A

Forms from embryonic mesenchyme by chondrogenesis.

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22
Q

Where are chondrocytes located?

A

The lacunae of hyaline cartilage

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23
Q

Hyaline cartilage is _______% collagen by dry weight.

A

40%

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24
Q

What type of cartilage is found in:

Pubic symphysis

A

Fibrocartilage

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25
Q

What type of cartilage is found in:

Meniscus of the knee

A

Fibrocaritlage

26
Q

What type of cartilage is found in:

Intervertebral discs

A

Fibrocartilage

27
Q

What type of cartilage is found in:

Tracheal rings

A

Hyaline cartilage

28
Q

What type of cartilage is found in:

Cartilage connecting ribs to sternum

A

Hyaline cartilage

29
Q

What type of cartilage is found in:

Cartilage of the hip joint (femur and pelvis)

A

Hyaline cartilage

30
Q

What type of cartilage is found in:

External ear

A

Elastic cartilage

31
Q

What type of cartilage is found in:

Epiglottis

A

Elastic cartilage

32
Q

The extracellular matrix of cartilage (all three types) is composed of

A

GAGs, proteoglycans, and collagen fibers, and elastic fibers.

33
Q

Which type of bone is formed from a cartilaginous precursor?

A

Endochondral bone

34
Q

The cartilage of your nose is which type?

A

Hyaline cartilage

35
Q

Perichondrium covers the surface of hyaline cartilage except in this region.

A

Articular surfaces of joints.

36
Q

Cartilage is avascular, and receives nutrients from capillaries found in the

A

Perichondrium

37
Q

What do all three types of cartilage form from?

A

Mesenchyme

38
Q

Which cartilage has the largest amount of proteoglycans per unit mass?

A

Hyaline cartilage

39
Q

Cartilage is composed of primarily which type of collagen?

A

Type II collagen

40
Q

Reversed prompt

Hyaline, Elastic, and Fibrocartilage

A

Types of Cartilage

41
Q

Reversed prompt

Large amount of extracellular matrix with GAGs and proteoglycans

Cartilage at joints has a smooth, lubricated surface

Guides the development of many bones, specifically endochondral bones

Chondrocytes are the only type of cell in the ECM, located in lacunae

Perichondrium is a dense, vascularized connective tissue that covers cartilage except at the joints

A

General features of cartilage

42
Q

Reversed prompt

the only type of cell in the ECM, located in the lacunae

A

Chondrocytes

43
Q

Reversed prompt

a dense, vascularized connective tissue that covers cartilage except at the joints

A

Perichondrium

44
Q

Reversed prompt

support and bind cells together

A

Glycosaminoglycans (mucopolysaccharides)

45
Q

Reversed prompt

glycan (a saccharide, usually poly-) linked to a protein. A general term that includes molecules such as collagen (as a tissue), mucins, antibodies, certain hormones.

A

Glycoprotein

46
Q

Reversed prompt

a type of glycoprotein in which the sugar is a polysaccharide containing amino sugars. Also known as glycosaminoglycans.

A

Proteoglycan

47
Q

Reversed prompt

Chondrocytes and chondroblasts

Perichondrium present except in epiphyses and articular cartilage

A

Major cells in Hyaline cartilage and presence of perichondrium

48
Q

Reversed prompt

Chondrocytes and chondroblasts

Perichondrium present

A

Major cells in Elastic cartilage and presence of perichondrium

49
Q

Reversed prompt

Chondrocytes and fibroblasts

Perichondrium not present

A

Major cells in Fibrocartilage and presence of perichondrium

50
Q

Reversed prompt

Upper respiratory tract, articular ends and epiphyseal plates of long bones; fetal skeleton

A

Main locations of Hyaline cartilage

51
Q

Reversed prompt

External ear, external acoustic meatus, auditory tube; epiglottis and certain other laryngeal cartilages

A

Main locations of Elastic cartilage

52
Q

Reversed prompt

Intervertebral discs, pubic symphysis, meniscus, and certain other joints; insertions of tendons

A

Main locations of Fibrocartilage

53
Q

Reversed prompt

Somatotropin

A

Growth hormone that regulate cartilage growth

54
Q

Reversed prompt

Most abundant type, homogenous composition, semilucent.

Allows low-friction joint motion, supports respiratory passages,
connects ribs to sternum, and “controls” long bone growth at epiphyseal plates.

Avascular; the chondrocytes reproduce under low oxygen and glucose is metabolized anaerobically

A

Hyaline cartilage misc.

55
Q

Reversed prompt

An extracellular matrix, ECM) is 40% collagen (type II) embedded in a gel of proteoglycans and glycoproteins.

A

Cartilage matrix

56
Q

Reversed prompt

results from dislodged fragments of joint cartilage that trigger release of substances that cause inflammation and pain.

A

Osteoarthritis

57
Q

Reversed prompt

Similar to hyaline cartilage, but with elastic fibers in addition to collagen.

Found in auricle, walls of ear canal, Eustachian tubes, epiglottis, and respiratory
tract.

A

Elastic cartilage misc.

58
Q

Reversed prompt

Mixture of hyaline cartilage and dense connective tissue.

Reduced amount of hyaline matrix.

Found in intervertebral
discs, pubic symphysis, and certain ligaments.

Chondrocytes are often isogenous lineages that are in rows. See photos.

Fibrocartilage is tough, resists strain, but cushions also.

A

Fibrocartilage misc.

59
Q

Reversed prompt

A. Mesenchyme

B. Mitosis by chondroblasts

C. Production of matrix (ECM) by chondrocytes

D. Formation of isogenous cell aggregates

A

Chondrogenesis steps

60
Q

These are true of somatotropin

A

It is produced by the anterior lobe of the pituitary gland

It stimulates the production of IGF-1

It is also called growth hormone

BIO 446L (22 decks)

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