Cartilage Flashcards
Types of Cartilage
Hyaline, Elastic, and Fibrocartilage
General features of cartilage
Large amount of extracellular matrix with GAGs and proteoglycans
Cartilage at joints has a smooth, lubricated surface
Guides the development of many bones, specifically endochondral bones
Chondrocytes are the only type of cell in the ECM, located in lacunae
Perichondrium is a dense, vascularized connective tissue that covers cartilage except at the joints
Chondrocytes
the only type of cell in the ECM, located in the lacunae
Perichondrium
a dense, vascularized connective tissue that covers cartilage except at the joints
Glycosaminoglycans (mucopolysaccharides)
support and bind cells together
Glycoprotein
glycan (a saccharide, usually poly-) linked to a protein. A general term that includes molecules such as collagen (as a tissue), mucins, antibodies, certain hormones.
Proteoglycan
a type of glycoprotein in which the sugar is a polysaccharide containing amino sugars. Also known as glycosaminoglycans.
Major cells in Hyaline cartilage and presence of perichondrium
Chondrocytes and chondroblasts
Perichondrium present except in epiphyses and articular cartilage
Major cells in Elastic cartilage and presence of perichondrium
Chondrocytes and chondroblasts
Perichondrium present
Major cells in Fibrocartilage and presence of perichondrium
Chondrocytes and fibroblasts
Perichondrium not present
Main locations of Hyaline cartilage
Upper respiratory tract, articular ends and epiphyseal plates of long bones; fetal skeleton
Main locations of Elastic cartilage
External ear, external acoustic meatus, auditory tube; epiglottis and certain other laryngeal cartilages
Main locations of Fibrocartilage
Intervertebral discs, pubic symphysis, meniscus, and certain other joints; insertions of tendons
Growth hormone that regulate cartilage growth
Somatotropin
Hyaline cartilage misc.
Most abundant type, homogenous composition, semilucent.
Allows low-friction joint motion, supports respiratory passages,
connects ribs to sternum, and “controls” long bone growth at epiphyseal plates.
Avascular; the chondrocytes reproduce under low oxygen and glucose is metabolized anaerobically
Cartilage matrix
An extracellular matrix, ECM) is 40% collagen (type II) embedded in a gel of proteoglycans and glycoproteins.
Osteoarthritis
results from dislodged fragments of joint cartilage that trigger release of substances that cause inflammation and pain.
Elastic cartilage misc.
Similar to hyaline cartilage, but with elastic fibers in addition to collagen.
Found in auricle, walls of ear canal, Eustachian tubes, epiglottis, and respiratory tract.
Fibrocartilage misc.
Mixture of hyaline cartilage and dense connective tissue.
Reduced amount of hyaline matrix.
Found in intervertebral
discs, pubic symphysis, and certain ligaments.
Chondrocytes are often isogenous lineages that are in rows. See photos.
Fibrocartilage is tough, resists strain, but cushions also.
Chondrogenesis steps
A. Mesenchyme
B. Mitosis by chondroblasts
C. Production of matrix (ECM) by chondrocytes
D. Formation of isogenous cell aggregates
How does cartilage form?
Forms from embryonic mesenchyme by chondrogenesis.
Where are chondrocytes located?
The lacunae of hyaline cartilage
Hyaline cartilage is _______% collagen by dry weight.
40%
What type of cartilage is found in:
Pubic symphysis
Fibrocartilage
What type of cartilage is found in:
Meniscus of the knee
Fibrocaritlage
What type of cartilage is found in:
Intervertebral discs
Fibrocartilage
What type of cartilage is found in:
Tracheal rings
Hyaline cartilage
What type of cartilage is found in:
Cartilage connecting ribs to sternum
Hyaline cartilage
What type of cartilage is found in:
Cartilage of the hip joint (femur and pelvis)
Hyaline cartilage
What type of cartilage is found in:
External ear
Elastic cartilage
What type of cartilage is found in:
Epiglottis
Elastic cartilage
The extracellular matrix of cartilage (all three types) is composed of
GAGs, proteoglycans, and collagen fibers, and elastic fibers.
Which type of bone is formed from a cartilaginous precursor?
Endochondral bone
The cartilage of your nose is which type?
Hyaline cartilage
Perichondrium covers the surface of hyaline cartilage except in this region.
Articular surfaces of joints.
Cartilage is avascular, and receives nutrients from capillaries found in the
Perichondrium
What do all three types of cartilage form from?
Mesenchyme
Which cartilage has the largest amount of proteoglycans per unit mass?
Hyaline cartilage
Cartilage is composed of primarily which type of collagen?
Type II collagen
Reversed prompt
Hyaline, Elastic, and Fibrocartilage
Types of Cartilage
Reversed prompt
Large amount of extracellular matrix with GAGs and proteoglycans
Cartilage at joints has a smooth, lubricated surface
Guides the development of many bones, specifically endochondral bones
Chondrocytes are the only type of cell in the ECM, located in lacunae
Perichondrium is a dense, vascularized connective tissue that covers cartilage except at the joints
General features of cartilage
Reversed prompt
the only type of cell in the ECM, located in the lacunae
Chondrocytes
Reversed prompt
a dense, vascularized connective tissue that covers cartilage except at the joints
Perichondrium
Reversed prompt
support and bind cells together
Glycosaminoglycans (mucopolysaccharides)
Reversed prompt
glycan (a saccharide, usually poly-) linked to a protein. A general term that includes molecules such as collagen (as a tissue), mucins, antibodies, certain hormones.
Glycoprotein
Reversed prompt
a type of glycoprotein in which the sugar is a polysaccharide containing amino sugars. Also known as glycosaminoglycans.
Proteoglycan
Reversed prompt
Chondrocytes and chondroblasts
Perichondrium present except in epiphyses and articular cartilage
Major cells in Hyaline cartilage and presence of perichondrium
Reversed prompt
Chondrocytes and chondroblasts
Perichondrium present
Major cells in Elastic cartilage and presence of perichondrium
Reversed prompt
Chondrocytes and fibroblasts
Perichondrium not present
Major cells in Fibrocartilage and presence of perichondrium
Reversed prompt
Upper respiratory tract, articular ends and epiphyseal plates of long bones; fetal skeleton
Main locations of Hyaline cartilage
Reversed prompt
External ear, external acoustic meatus, auditory tube; epiglottis and certain other laryngeal cartilages
Main locations of Elastic cartilage
Reversed prompt
Intervertebral discs, pubic symphysis, meniscus, and certain other joints; insertions of tendons
Main locations of Fibrocartilage
Reversed prompt
Somatotropin
Growth hormone that regulate cartilage growth
Reversed prompt
Most abundant type, homogenous composition, semilucent.
Allows low-friction joint motion, supports respiratory passages,
connects ribs to sternum, and “controls” long bone growth at epiphyseal plates.
Avascular; the chondrocytes reproduce under low oxygen and glucose is metabolized anaerobically
Hyaline cartilage misc.
Reversed prompt
An extracellular matrix, ECM) is 40% collagen (type II) embedded in a gel of proteoglycans and glycoproteins.
Cartilage matrix
Reversed prompt
results from dislodged fragments of joint cartilage that trigger release of substances that cause inflammation and pain.
Osteoarthritis
Reversed prompt
Similar to hyaline cartilage, but with elastic fibers in addition to collagen.
Found in auricle, walls of ear canal, Eustachian tubes, epiglottis, and respiratory
tract.
Elastic cartilage misc.
Reversed prompt
Mixture of hyaline cartilage and dense connective tissue.
Reduced amount of hyaline matrix.
Found in intervertebral
discs, pubic symphysis, and certain ligaments.
Chondrocytes are often isogenous lineages that are in rows. See photos.
Fibrocartilage is tough, resists strain, but cushions also.
Fibrocartilage misc.
Reversed prompt
A. Mesenchyme
B. Mitosis by chondroblasts
C. Production of matrix (ECM) by chondrocytes
D. Formation of isogenous cell aggregates
Chondrogenesis steps
These are true of somatotropin
It is produced by the anterior lobe of the pituitary gland
It stimulates the production of IGF-1
It is also called growth hormone
