Enzymes - Cofactors and Coenzymes Flashcards
what are cofactors
non-protein substances that bind to enzymes and help ensure that enzyme controlled-reactions can take place at an appropriate rate
what are the different types of cofactors
- inorganic cofactors (ions)
- coenzymes
- prosthetic group
what are inorganic cofactors
ions that are not permanently bound to the enzyme.
how do inorganic cofactors work
by helping the enzyme and substrate bind together, therefore the ESC forms more easily.
The ion either affects the charge distribution or shape of the complex.
are inorganic cofactors used up or changed in the reaction
no
describe the binding type for inorganic cofactors
temporary
give an example of an inorganic cofactor
Cl- ions needed for amylase
what are coenzymes
small, non-protein molecules that bind temporarily to the active site
how do coenzymes work
they often act as carriers, moving chemical groups between different enzymes, so link together enzyme-controlled reactions that take place in sequence
describe the bonding type for coenzymes
- temporary
- bind to active site
give an example of a coenzyme
vitamin B3
what are prosthetic groups
cofactors that are permanent parts of an enzyme molecule
describe the bonding type for prosthetic groups
- permanent
- covalent
give an example of a prosthetic group cofactor
carbonic anhydrase contains a zinc ion
