Biological molecules - Intro and Inorganic ions Flashcards
name the biological molecules
water, carbohydrates, lipids, proteins, nucleic acids
name the elements making up each biological molecule
water - H, O
carbohydrates - C, H and O, usually in ratio Cx(H2O)x
lipids - C, H and O
proteins - C, H, O, N and S
nucleic acids - C, H, O, N and P
define a polymer
long chain molecules made of linked repeating units (monomers)
state the monomers in carbohydrates and proteins
carbohydrates - sugars (saccharides)
proteins - amino acids
define a condensation reaction
the removal of water to join molecules, water is formed
define hydrolysis
water is used to split a molecule
define ions
atoms or molecules with an uneven charge
what is an electrolyte
the solution formed when ions dissolve in water
give the formula and function of a calcium ion
Ca 2+, nerve impulse transmission, muscle contraction
give the formula and function of a sodium ion
Na +, nerve impulse transmission, kidney function
give the formula and function of a potassium ion
K+, nerve impulse transmission, stomatal opening
give the formula and function of a hydrogen ion
H+, catalysis of reactions, pH determination
give the formula and function of an ammonium ion
NH4 +, production of nitrate ions by bacteria
give the formula and function of a nitrate ion
NO3 -, component of amino acids, proteins, vitamins and chlorophyll, N supply for plants
give the formula and function of a hydrogen carbonate ion
HCO3 -, maintenance of blood pH, carbon dioxide transport
