Communicable Disease, Prevention and Immunity - Animal Diseases Flashcards
what are the animal diseases you need to know
- tuberculosis
- HIV/AIDS
- influenza
- athletes foot
- malaria
what animals does tuberculosis affect
humans, cows, badgers, pigs, deer
what type of microbe causes TB
bacteria
how is TB transmitted
- droplet infection during prolonged contact
- some conditions increase the risk (HIV, malnutrition, diabetes)
- sleeping in crowded conditions
how is TB treated
- antibiotics
- resistance means that two or more types are needed
- treatment usually lasts 6 months or longer
how is TB prevented
- vaccination
- improving living conditions
- ventilation
what animals does HIV affect
humans
what type of microbe causes HIV
virus
how is HIV transmitted
bodily fluids:
- sexual intercourse
- shared needles or medical equipment
- blood transfusions
- mother to baby across placenta during pregnancy
- birth or breastfeeding
how is HIV treated
antiretroviral drugs can reduce symptoms
how is HIV prevented
- education
- condoms
- sterilisation of medical equipment
- screening blood products
- medication to reduce transmission
what animals does influenza affect
humans, pigs, birds
what type of microbe causes influenza
virus
how is influenza transmitted
droplet infection and indirectly through hands and surfaces
how is influenza treated
- rest
- fluids
- paracetemol
how is influenza prevented
- vaccination: needs to be updated annually, ventilation, good hygiene
what animal does athlete’s foot affect
humans
what type of microbe causes athlete’s foot
fungus
how is athlete’s foot transmitted
directly: skin to skin contact
indirectly: through towels, damp floors
how is athlete’s foot treated
antifungal creams/spray
how is athlete’s foot prevented
keeping skin clean and dry, not sharing towels
what animal is affected by malaria
humans
what type of microbe causes malaria
protoctista
how is malaria transmitted
vector - mosquito, these can only survive in tropical climates
how is malaria treated
antimalarial medication (some problems with drug resistance)
how is malaria prevented
- antimalarial medication if going to area with malaria
- try to stop mosquitoes from biting (insect repellent, cover up, mosquito nets, insecticides, remove standing water)
