Enzymes Flashcards
Enzymes monomers are?
Amino acids
What are enzymes?
Enzymes are proteins that help molecules react with one another
Enzymes are used by cells to do what?
Cells to trigger and control chemical reactions
Without enzymes what would happen?
Several reactions in cells would never occur or happen too slowly to be useful
What is a chemical reaction?
It’s the process of changing one set of chemicals into another set of chemicals by rearranging the atoms
In a chemical reaction what is broken to form the products?
The reactants bonds are broken
What is a catalyst?
It’s a substance that speeds up the rate of a chemical reaction
A catalyst lowers what?
Lowers the activation energy
A catalyst participates in the reaction but does do what?
It doesn’t change itself
To be used over and over again
What is activation energy
It’s the amount of energy needed to start a chemical reaction
Catalysts speed up chemical reactions by?
Lowering the activation energy
Enzymes are catalyst because they?
They lower the activation energy by holding molecules together to either help them bind or help them break apart
To bind means to?
Synthesize
To break apart means to?
Decompose
What is a substrate?
Enzymes bind to or break molecules called substrates
Substrates are the?
Reactants that are catalyzed by the enzyme
What is the active site?
Each substrate and enzyme has a specific shape, therefore enzymes bind to substrates base on SHAPE
The site on the enzyme where the substrates bind
What is the Lock and Key Hypothesis?
Enzymes bind to the substrates based on their complementary shape
The fit is so exact, that the active site and substrates are compared to a lock and key
Most digestive enzymes are names for the?
The foods(molecules) they help react
What are other examples of enzymes and what they break down?
Lactase Sucrase Amalyse Lipase Pepsin
Lactase breaks down what?
Lactase-breaks down lactose into glucose and galactose
Sucrose breaks down?
Sucrase-breaks down sucrose(table sugar) into glucose and fructose
Lipase breaks down?
Breaks down Ats
Pepsin breaks down?
Breaks down proteins
