Enterovirus

Question 1

Which viruses make up enterovirus family?

Answer 1

Rhinoviruses
Polioviruses
Coxsackieviruses (A&B)

Coxsackie A16 and enterovirus 71 are most common causes

Because of messy classification system, since 1970 any new enterovirus that has been isolated has simply been given an enterovirus number starting with EV-D68

Question 2

What clinical picture can enteroviruses cause?

Infections can peak at certain times, such as summer

Answer 2

CNS infection
myocarditis

D68- acute flaccid paralysis, LRTI

D70 - acute flaccid paralysis, haemhorrhagic conjunctivitis

A71 - acute flaccid paralysis, HFM

Question 3

What drugs can be used to treat enterovirus?

Answer 3

Pocapavir - capsid inhibitor. Shown to clear virus quicker in polio infection. But resistance develops, so not commonly used

IVIG - also used for contacts

Anakinra - immunomodulator to treat enterovirus complications suggest as myocarditis/HLH

Question 4

In 2022/23 enterovirus cases had risen in NICU.

What complication were these associated with?

Answer 4

10 cases of enterovirus myocarditis on neonatal units

Unclear if a specific enterovirus type for found