English Foreign Policy: 1527-1540 Flashcards
What was the focus of foreign policy?
Minimise the response of foreign powers on the break from Rome.
Where did England have ambassadors?
Rome, Spain, Netherlands, France and Venice.
Diplomacy developed.
What did Wolsey negotiate with France and England?
Treaty of Westminster - Perpetual peace between France and England and plans to marry Francis to Mary Tudor.
What was the Treaty of Amiens and when was this?
1527 - A joint Anglo-French agreement to attack Charles V.
Why was the Treaty of Westminster and the Treaty of Amiens not a show of power?
They were forced to sign this by their weak position.
What was the relationship with England and Spain like in 1528?
England declared war on on Charles V.
What did Wolsey impose on Burgundy in 1528?
A trade embargo - led to widespread economic problems in March 1528 and Wolsey had to lift ban.
When was France defeated at the Battle of Ladriano?
June 1529
What was the Treaty of Cambrai and when was it signed?
Also known as ‘Ladies Peace’ - 1529 - negotiated by Margaret of Austria + Louise of Savoy.
Peace between France, Empire and Pope - excluded English interests.
What alliance was signed in 1532?
With France - a ‘self interest’ alliance.
Henry wanted pressure on French Universities to offer support for divorce and Francis wanted ally against Charles.
What was Charles preoccupied with 1532?
The threat from Ottoman Turks against Catholic Europe + protecting Mediterranean.
Who did Francis want an alliance with in 1532?
The Pope through marriage of his son, Henry, to Pope’s niece - Catherine de Medici.
When did the French and Papacy’s marriage happen?
1533
What did Europe think about the ‘Break with Rome’?
Charles horrified but no action taken.
When did Henry try to make an alliance with Germany?
1534 - Try to make alliance with League of Schmalkalden (German Princes + free cities who supported Luther)
Fell through due to mutual distrust.
When are England’s links with France severed and why?
1538 - France and Charles sign Treaty of Nice.
Both agreed to cut connections with England.
How did France’s relationship with England worsen?
James V of Scotland married Mary of Guise - developed Franco-Scottish relations against England.
What did the Pope issue in 1539?
1/ Pope Paul III issued bull deposing Henry
2/ Sent envoys to France + Scotland to gain support for Catholic Crusade against Henry.
When did Henry gain an ally in the later years of his reign and how?
1540 - Marriage to Anne of Cleves formed alliance with Schmalkaldic League - designed to protect against militant Catholicism of Charles and Pope.
Who resumed their war in 1540 and what did this mean?
Francis and Charles - German marriage for security no longer needed.
