Effects of the dissolution and Nature of Opposition Flashcards
What happened to impressive monastic buildings?
Fell into disrepair - became crumbling ruins
What was the effect of the dissolution on Henry’s wealth?
Benefitted from 10% of England’s wealth - came in one great transfer in 1530’s.
What was the money used to finance?
An ambitious foreign policy
Did it benefit the long term financial independence of England?
No - the cost of war escalated.
When was a lot of the monastic land sold off from the crown?
After the fall of Cromwell - more than half sold off between 1543-47.
Who was the land bought by?
Nobility or lesser gentry establishing their local presence - illustrates a wider ruling class.
Who did not benefit from the dissolution?
Local communities and monastics. Other institutions did not offer everything monasteries did.
How were monks compensated?
Through pensions or one off payments - one monk still receiving small annual pension until 1607.
What were 1/5 of monks able to do?
Secure other paid positions within the Church.
Causes of Opposition: Defence of traditional practice
In Kirkby Stephen, 1536, priests failed to announce St. Luke’s Day, sparking first unrest of Pilgrimage of Grace.
Causes of Opposition: Purgatory under threat
Abandonment of Saint’s Day directly threatened Purgatory. William Copley said - ‘If there be no priest, there can be no saved souls’.
Causes of Opposition: Fear of new taxes
Possible taxes on christenings, burials and marriages. Initial outbreak of Pilgrimage of Grace at Louth was sparked by these rumours.
Introduction of parish registers would have made tax collection more efficient and caused fear.
Causes of Opposition: Divorce of Catherine and Anne Boleyn
People sympathetic and embracing of Catherine + loathed Anne.
Lancashire cleric - ‘I will take none for queen but Queen Katherine’.
What were five types of the nature of protest?
1/ Open Challenge
2/ Private Opposition
3/ Remaining loyal to Catholicism
4/ Refusal to act until forced to do so
5/ Opposition from inside
What is an example of each of these five natures of opposition?
1/ More and Fisher attacked from within England whilst Cardinal Reginald Pole attacked from abroad.
2/ London Priest - 1536 - ‘I will pray for the Pope as the chief head of Christ’s Church’.
3/ Alters, images, crucifixes were quickly restored under Mary
4/ Six months after 1538 Royal Injunctions, 80% of Lincoln deaneries had not bought new English bibles. £2 fine in 1541 forced them to buy.
5/ Bishop Longland of Lincoln continued preaching Catholic doctrine.
