Endoparasites and Disease

Question 1

What is an endoparasite?

Answer 1

• An organism that lives and feeds inside the host
• Can be commensal, mutualisitc or parasitic

Question 2

What are helminths?

Answer 2

• Parasitic Worms

Question 3

What are the different types of helminths and give examples?

Answer 3

• Cestodes: Tapeworm
• Trematodes: Flukes
• Nematodes: Roundworm

Question 4

What is a direct life cylce in terms of parasites?

Answer 4

The immature form of the parasite can infect the same host again to mature

Question 5

What is an indirect life cycle in terms of parasites?

Answer 5

The immature form must pass through a different type of host before it can enter the definitive host it came form again

Question 6

What is a intermediate host/vector?

Answer 6

The host in which the immature form of the parasite lives and undertakes some part of the lifecycle

Question 7

What is an definitive host?

Answer 7

The host in which the adult form lives

Question 8

What is a transport host?

Answer 8

An intermediate host in which no development of the immature parasite occurs

Question 9

What are the types of tapeworm?

Answer 9

• Dipylidium caninum
• Enchinococcus
• Taenia

Question 10

What is the intermediate host of dipylidium caninum?

Answer 10

• Fleas

Question 11

What is the intermediate host of enchinococcus?

Answer 11

• Small rodents, deep and sheep

Question 12

What is the intermediate host of Taenia?

Answer 12

• Rodents

Question 13

What is a scolex?

Answer 13

• The head of a cestode

Question 14

What is a strobila?

Answer 14

• The chain or segmented body

Question 15

What are proglottids?

Answer 15

Body segments furthest away from the scolex that are most mature

Question 16

What are gravid proglottids?

Answer 16

• Mature proglottids, which are passed into the environment
• Outer layer dries and burst releasing eggs

Question 17

What can enchinococcus cause?

Answer 17

Hydatid Cysts

Question 18

How are cestodes diagnosed?

Answer 18

• Coproantigen ELISA test

Question 19

How can cestodes be controlled?

Answer 19

• Wormer tablets or spot ons

Question 20

What are the different types of nematodes?

Answer 20

• Ascarids (roundworms)
• Hookworms
• Whipworms
• Heartworms
• Lungworms

Question 21

What is an example of ascarids?

Answer 21

• Toxocara canis, taxocara cati

Question 22

What is an example of hookworm?

Answer 22

• Ancylostoma caninum
• Unicinaria stenocephala
• Ancylostoma tubaeforme

Question 23

What is an exmaple of whipworm?

Answer 23

Trichuris vulpis

Question 24

What is an example of heartworm?

Answer 24

• Angiostrongylus vasorum
• Dirofilarial immitis

Question 25

What is an example of lungworm?

Answer 25

• Oslerus osleri
• Aelurostrongylus abstrusus
  Crenosoma vulpis

Question 26

What is the transmission route for toxocara canis?

Answer 26

• ingestion of eggs, trasnport host or milk
• Transplacental

Question 27

What are the clinical signs of toxocara canis?

Answer 27

• Pot belly
• Poor coat condition
• Diarrhoea
• Poor growth
• Respiratory distress

Question 28

What can toxocara canis cause?

Answer 28

• Zoonotic
• Ocular larva migration
• Visceral larva migration

Question 29

What are the clinical signs of hookworm?

Answer 29

• Diarrhoea
• Blood in poo
• Acute anaemia
• Death

Question 30

What are the clinical signs of Whipworm?

Answer 30

• Haemorrhagic diarrheoa
• Acute illness

Question 31

What are the clinical signs of heartworm?

Answer 31

• Cough
• Coagulopathy
• Anaemia

Question 32

What is the diagnosis for heartworm?

Answer 32

• Stethoscope examination
• Chest X-ray
• Faecal flotations

Question 33

What is the diagnosis for lungworm?

Answer 33

• Faecal/ bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) examination for laevae
• Snap test for blood antigen

Question 34

What is the intermediate host for lungworm?

Answer 34

Snail and slugs