Endoparasites and Disease Flashcards
What is an endoparasite?
- An organism that lives and feeds inside the host
- Can be commensal, mutualisitc or parasitic
What are helminths?
- Parasitic Worms
What are the different types of helminths and give examples?
- Cestodes: Tapeworm
- Trematodes: Flukes
- Nematodes: Roundworm
What is a direct life cylce in terms of parasites?
The immature form of the parasite can infect the same host again to mature
What is an indirect life cycle in terms of parasites?
The immature form must pass through a different type of host before it can enter the definitive host it came form again
What is a intermediate host/vector?
The host in which the immature form of the parasite lives and undertakes some part of the lifecycle
What is an definitive host?
The host in which the adult form lives
What is a transport host?
An intermediate host in which no development of the immature parasite occurs
What are the types of tapeworm?
- Dipylidium caninum
- Enchinococcus
- Taenia
What is the intermediate host of dipylidium caninum?
- Fleas
What is the intermediate host of enchinococcus?
- Small rodents, deep and sheep
What is the intermediate host of Taenia?
- Rodents
What is a scolex?
- The head of a cestode
What is a strobila?
- The chain or segmented body
What are proglottids?
Body segments furthest away from the scolex that are most mature
What are gravid proglottids?
- Mature proglottids, which are passed into the environment
- Outer layer dries and burst releasing eggs
What can enchinococcus cause?
Hydatid Cysts
How are cestodes diagnosed?
- Coproantigen ELISA test
How can cestodes be controlled?
- Wormer tablets or spot ons
What are the different types of nematodes?
- Ascarids (roundworms)
- Hookworms
- Whipworms
- Heartworms
- Lungworms
What is an example of ascarids?
- Toxocara canis, taxocara cati
What is an example of hookworm?
- Ancylostoma caninum
- Unicinaria stenocephala
- Ancylostoma tubaeforme
What is an exmaple of whipworm?
Trichuris vulpis
What is an example of heartworm?
- Angiostrongylus vasorum
- Dirofilarial immitis
What is an example of lungworm?
- Oslerus osleri
- Aelurostrongylus abstrusus
Crenosoma vulpis
What is the transmission route for toxocara canis?
- ingestion of eggs, trasnport host or milk
- Transplacental
What are the clinical signs of toxocara canis?
- Pot belly
- Poor coat condition
- Diarrhoea
- Poor growth
- Respiratory distress
What can toxocara canis cause?
- Zoonotic
- Ocular larva migration
- Visceral larva migration
What are the clinical signs of hookworm?
- Diarrhoea
- Blood in poo
- Acute anaemia
- Death
What are the clinical signs of Whipworm?
- Haemorrhagic diarrheoa
- Acute illness
What are the clinical signs of heartworm?
- Cough
- Coagulopathy
- Anaemia
What is the diagnosis for heartworm?
- Stethoscope examination
- Chest X-ray
- Faecal flotations
What is the diagnosis for lungworm?
- Faecal/ bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) examination for laevae
- Snap test for blood antigen
What is the intermediate host for lungworm?
Snail and slugs
