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Veterinary Nursing > Endocrine and Reproductive Disorders > Flashcards

Endocrine and Reproductive Disorders Flashcards

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1
Q

What is hyperthyroidism in cats?

A

Benign or malignant tumours in the thyroid which secrete excessive thyroxine

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2
Q

What is hypothyroidism in the dog?

A

Immune mediated destruction of the thyroid gland, so there is a lack of circulating thyroxine

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3
Q

What are the clinical signs of hyperthyroidism in the cat?

A
  • Weight loss
  • Increased appetite
  • Increased thirst
  • Increased urination
  • Vomiting
  • Diarrhoea
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4
Q

What are the clinical signs of hypothyroidism in the dog?

A
  • Weight gain
  • Lethargy
  • Skin and ear infections
  • Alopecia
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5
Q

How is hyper/hypothyroidism diagnosed?

A
  • Blood tests to look at TSH and T4 levels
  • Ultrasound
  • Radiographs
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6
Q

How is hyperthyroidism treated in cats?

A
  • Anti-thyroid drugs
  • Surgical thyroidectomy
  • Radioactive iodine
  • Dietary management
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7
Q

How is hypothyroidism treated in dogs?

A

Thyroid replacement medication

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8
Q

What is diabetes mellitus (Type 1) in dogs?

A
  • Beta cells are damaged, so no insulin is produced, so are insulin dependent
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9
Q

What is diabetes mellitus (Type 2) in cats?

A

Glucose cannot physically enter cells, so have insulin resistance and are non-insulin dependent

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10
Q

What does diabetes mellitus cause?

A

Hyperglycaemia

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11
Q

What does hyperglycaemia cause?

A
  • Dehydration
  • Polydipsia
  • Polyuria
  • Weight loss
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12
Q

How is diabetes mellitus diagnosed?

A
  • Blood test (blood glucose curve)
  • Urine test to look for glucose
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13
Q

What is diabetes insipidus?

A

Lack of anti-diuretic hormone (ADH) or lack of ADH receptors in the kidney

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14
Q

How is diabetes insipidus diagnosed?

A
  • Water deprivation test
  • Urine S.G test
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15
Q

How is diabetes insipidus treated?

A

ADH replacement medication

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16
Q

What is Conn’s syndrome?

A

Hyperaldosteronism

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17
Q

What are clinical signs of hypoaldosteronism?

A
  • Vomiting
  • Diarrhoea
  • Lost water and electrolytes
  • Hyperkalaemia (more K+)
  • Collapse
18
Q

What are the clinical signs of hyperaldosteronism?

A
  • Retain sodium and water
  • Hypertension
  • Hypokalaemia (less K+)
  • Muscle weakness
19
Q

How is hyper/hypoaldosteronism diagnosed?

A
  • Blood tests
  • Urine tests
  • Ultrasound
20
Q

How is hyper/hypoaldosteronism treated?

A
  • Surgery to remove mass
  • Medication
  • Treat underlying cause
21
Q

What is Addison’s disease?

A

Hypoadrenocorticism

22
Q

What are the clinical signs of hypoadrenocorticocism?

A
  • Hypotension
  • Collapse
  • Death
23
Q

What is Cushing’s disease?

A

Hyperadrenocorticocism

24
Q

What are the clinical signs of hyperadrenocorticocism?

A
  • Polyphagia
  • Muscle loss
  • Hair loss
  • Pot belly
  • Panting
25
Q

How is hyper/hypoadrenocorticocism diagnosed?

A

ACTH stimulation test

26
Q

What is orchitis?

A

General inflammation of the testes by injury

27
Q

What is cryptorchidism?

A

Testes fail to descend

28
Q

What is monorchidism?

A

One testis is retained

29
Q

What is bilateral cryptorchidism?

A

Both testes are retained

30
Q

What is testicular torsion?

A

Twisted spermatic cord

31
Q

What are sertoli cell tumours?

A

Tumours of the sertoli cells, which causes high levels of oestrogen

32
Q

What is balanoposthitis?

A

Inflammation of the penis/prepuce

33
Q

What is paraphimosis?

A

Inability to retract the penis

34
Q

What is phimosis?

A

Inability to expose the penis narrow prepuce

35
Q

What are oophoritis?

A

Inflammation of the ovaries

35
Q

What is agenesis/aplasia?

A

Ovaries do not develop

36
Q

What is uterine aplasia?

A

Lack of normal uterus development; may be missing horns

37
Q

What is a pyometra?

A

Uterine infection

38
Q

What is vaginitis?

A

Bacterial infection in the vagina

39
Q

What is vaginal polyps?

A

Benign growth with a little stalk in the vagina

40
Q

What is mastitis?

A

Infection of the mammary gland

41
Q

What is agalactia?

A

Lack of milk production

Veterinary Nursing (24 decks)

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