Endocrine and Reproductive Disorders Flashcards
What is hyperthyroidism in cats?
Benign or malignant tumours in the thyroid which secrete excessive thyroxine
What is hypothyroidism in the dog?
Immune mediated destruction of the thyroid gland, so there is a lack of circulating thyroxine
What are the clinical signs of hyperthyroidism in the cat?
- Weight loss
- Increased appetite
- Increased thirst
- Increased urination
- Vomiting
- Diarrhoea
What are the clinical signs of hypothyroidism in the dog?
- Weight gain
- Lethargy
- Skin and ear infections
- Alopecia
How is hyper/hypothyroidism diagnosed?
- Blood tests to look at TSH and T4 levels
- Ultrasound
- Radiographs
How is hyperthyroidism treated in cats?
- Anti-thyroid drugs
- Surgical thyroidectomy
- Radioactive iodine
- Dietary management
How is hypothyroidism treated in dogs?
Thyroid replacement medication
What is diabetes mellitus (Type 1) in dogs?
- Beta cells are damaged, so no insulin is produced, so are insulin dependent
What is diabetes mellitus (Type 2) in cats?
Glucose cannot physically enter cells, so have insulin resistance and are non-insulin dependent
What does diabetes mellitus cause?
Hyperglycaemia
What does hyperglycaemia cause?
- Dehydration
- Polydipsia
- Polyuria
- Weight loss
How is diabetes mellitus diagnosed?
- Blood test (blood glucose curve)
- Urine test to look for glucose
What is diabetes insipidus?
Lack of anti-diuretic hormone (ADH) or lack of ADH receptors in the kidney
How is diabetes insipidus diagnosed?
- Water deprivation test
- Urine S.G test
How is diabetes insipidus treated?
ADH replacement medication
What is Conn’s syndrome?
Hyperaldosteronism
What are clinical signs of hypoaldosteronism?
- Vomiting
- Diarrhoea
- Lost water and electrolytes
- Hyperkalaemia (more K+)
- Collapse
What are the clinical signs of hyperaldosteronism?
- Retain sodium and water
- Hypertension
- Hypokalaemia (less K+)
- Muscle weakness
How is hyper/hypoaldosteronism diagnosed?
- Blood tests
- Urine tests
- Ultrasound
How is hyper/hypoaldosteronism treated?
- Surgery to remove mass
- Medication
- Treat underlying cause
What is Addison’s disease?
Hypoadrenocorticism
What are the clinical signs of hypoadrenocorticocism?
- Hypotension
- Collapse
- Death
What is Cushing’s disease?
Hyperadrenocorticocism
What are the clinical signs of hyperadrenocorticocism?
- Polyphagia
- Muscle loss
- Hair loss
- Pot belly
- Panting
How is hyper/hypoadrenocorticocism diagnosed?
ACTH stimulation test
What is orchitis?
General inflammation of the testes by injury
What is cryptorchidism?
Testes fail to descend
What is monorchidism?
One testis is retained
What is bilateral cryptorchidism?
Both testes are retained
What is testicular torsion?
Twisted spermatic cord
What are sertoli cell tumours?
Tumours of the sertoli cells, which causes high levels of oestrogen
What is balanoposthitis?
Inflammation of the penis/prepuce
What is paraphimosis?
Inability to retract the penis
What is phimosis?
Inability to expose the penis narrow prepuce
What are oophoritis?
Inflammation of the ovaries
What is agenesis/aplasia?
Ovaries do not develop
What is uterine aplasia?
Lack of normal uterus development; may be missing horns
What is a pyometra?
Uterine infection
What is vaginitis?
Bacterial infection in the vagina
What is vaginal polyps?
Benign growth with a little stalk in the vagina
What is mastitis?
Infection of the mammary gland
What is agalactia?
Lack of milk production
