Endocrine and Reproductive Disorders Flashcards

1
Q

What is hyperthyroidism in cats?

A

Benign or malignant tumours in the thyroid which secrete excessive thyroxine

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2
Q

What is hypothyroidism in the dog?

A

Immune mediated destruction of the thyroid gland, so there is a lack of circulating thyroxine

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3
Q

What are the clinical signs of hyperthyroidism in the cat?

A
  • Weight loss
  • Increased appetite
  • Increased thirst
  • Increased urination
  • Vomiting
  • Diarrhoea
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4
Q

What are the clinical signs of hypothyroidism in the dog?

A
  • Weight gain
  • Lethargy
  • Skin and ear infections
  • Alopecia
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5
Q

How is hyper/hypothyroidism diagnosed?

A
  • Blood tests to look at TSH and T4 levels
  • Ultrasound
  • Radiographs
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6
Q

How is hyperthyroidism treated in cats?

A
  • Anti-thyroid drugs
  • Surgical thyroidectomy
  • Radioactive iodine
  • Dietary management
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7
Q

How is hypothyroidism treated in dogs?

A

Thyroid replacement medication

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8
Q

What is diabetes mellitus (Type 1) in dogs?

A
  • Beta cells are damaged, so no insulin is produced, so are insulin dependent
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9
Q

What is diabetes mellitus (Type 2) in cats?

A

Glucose cannot physically enter cells, so have insulin resistance and are non-insulin dependent

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10
Q

What does diabetes mellitus cause?

A

Hyperglycaemia

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11
Q

What does hyperglycaemia cause?

A
  • Dehydration
  • Polydipsia
  • Polyuria
  • Weight loss
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12
Q

How is diabetes mellitus diagnosed?

A
  • Blood test (blood glucose curve)
  • Urine test to look for glucose
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13
Q

What is diabetes insipidus?

A

Lack of anti-diuretic hormone (ADH) or lack of ADH receptors in the kidney

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14
Q

How is diabetes insipidus diagnosed?

A
  • Water deprivation test
  • Urine S.G test
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15
Q

How is diabetes insipidus treated?

A

ADH replacement medication

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16
Q

What is Conn’s syndrome?

A

Hyperaldosteronism

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17
Q

What are clinical signs of hypoaldosteronism?

A
  • Vomiting
  • Diarrhoea
  • Lost water and electrolytes
  • Hyperkalaemia (more K+)
  • Collapse
18
Q

What are the clinical signs of hyperaldosteronism?

A
  • Retain sodium and water
  • Hypertension
  • Hypokalaemia (less K+)
  • Muscle weakness
19
Q

How is hyper/hypoaldosteronism diagnosed?

A
  • Blood tests
  • Urine tests
  • Ultrasound
20
Q

How is hyper/hypoaldosteronism treated?

A
  • Surgery to remove mass
  • Medication
  • Treat underlying cause
21
Q

What is Addison’s disease?

A

Hypoadrenocorticism

22
Q

What are the clinical signs of hypoadrenocorticocism?

A
  • Hypotension
  • Collapse
  • Death
23
Q

What is Cushing’s disease?

A

Hyperadrenocorticocism

24
Q

What are the clinical signs of hyperadrenocorticocism?

A
  • Polyphagia
  • Muscle loss
  • Hair loss
  • Pot belly
  • Panting
25
How is hyper/hypoadrenocorticocism diagnosed?
ACTH stimulation test
26
What is orchitis?
General inflammation of the testes by injury
27
What is cryptorchidism?
Testes fail to descend
28
What is monorchidism?
One testis is retained
29
What is bilateral cryptorchidism?
Both testes are retained
30
What is testicular torsion?
Twisted spermatic cord
31
What are sertoli cell tumours?
Tumours of the sertoli cells, which causes high levels of oestrogen
32
What is balanoposthitis?
Inflammation of the penis/prepuce
33
What is paraphimosis?
Inability to retract the penis
34
What is phimosis?
Inability to expose the penis narrow prepuce
35
What are oophoritis?
Inflammation of the ovaries
35
What is agenesis/aplasia?
Ovaries do not develop
36
What is uterine aplasia?
Lack of normal uterus development; may be missing horns
37
What is a pyometra?
Uterine infection
38
What is vaginitis?
Bacterial infection in the vagina
39
What is vaginal polyps?
Benign growth with a little stalk in the vagina
40
What is mastitis?
Infection of the mammary gland
41
What is agalactia?
Lack of milk production